指定 --django-settings-module 标志时 pylint (pylint_django) 不起作用

我正在使用最新版本pylint_django前几天发布：

Package                       Version
----------------------------- ----------
pylint                        2.7.4
pylint-django                 2.4.3
pylint-plugin-utils           0.6

当我启用时pylint在 VSC 中pylint_diango扩展我收到此错误

Django was not configured. For more information runpylint --load-plugins=pylint_django --help-msg=django-not-configured

我跟着这些说明 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65761250/pylint-django-raising-error-about-django-not-being-configured-when-thats-not-th解决这个问题并将以下几行添加到我的settings.json:

{
  ...
  "python.linting.pylintArgs": [
    "--load-plugins=pylint_django"
    "--django-settings-module=wapp.settings"
  ]
}

然而指定后--django-settings-module=wapp.settings标志 pylint 停止工作。我的 Django 项目结构（在 VSC 中打开的根目录）如下所示：

.
├── ...
├── manage.py
├── media
│   └── profile_pictures
├── requirements.txt
├── ...
├── venv
└── wapp
    ├── asgi.py
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __pycache__
    ├── secrets.py
    ├── settings.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

我也尝试过指定DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE环境变量，但似乎没有效果。我还尝试直接从命令行运行 pylint 以查看标志是否正常工作。当我跑步时pylint path/to/some/python_file.pylinter 产生了正确的输出，但是当我尝试时pylint --load-plugins=pylint_django path/to/some/python_file.py我收到一个错误ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wapp'.

有人偶然发现类似的问题吗？

经过几个小时尝试了多种可能性，这就是我如何让这件事发挥作用

我的文件夹结构

.
├── backend
│   ├── backend <- the main app
│   │   └── settings.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── manage.py
│   ├── app_1
│   ├── app_2
│   ├── app_3
│   └── app_4
├── database
│   └── data-base-stuff
├── frontend
│   └── front-end-stuff
└── README.md

vscode/settings.json

{   
    
    "python.linting.enabled": true,
    "python.linting.pylintEnabled": true,
    "python.linting.pylintPath": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/.venv/bin/pylint",
    "python.linting.pylintArgs": [
        "--init-hook", "import os, sys; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'backend.backend.settings'; sys.path.append('${workspaceFolder}/backend')",        
        "--load-plugins", "pylint_django",
    ],
    "python.linting.cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/",
}

由于某种原因，既不使用"--django-settings-module=backend.settings" nor "--django-settings-module=backend.backend.settings"作品。如果我运行 VSCode 在我的终端上运行的命令，他们会给我这个错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint_django/checkers/foreign_key_strings.py", line 92, in open
    django.setup()
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
    configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 102, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in _setup
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting LOGGING_CONFIG, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint_django/checkers/foreign_key_strings.py", line 120, in open
    settings.configure(Settings(self.config.django_settings_module))
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 217, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/usr/local/python/3.10.12/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1004, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'backend.settings'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/bin/pylint", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(run_pylint())
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/__init__.py", line 36, in run_pylint
    PylintRun(argv or sys.argv[1:])
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/lint/run.py", line 215, in __init__
    linter.check(args)
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/lint/pylinter.py", line 713, in check
    with self._astroid_module_checker() as check_astroid_module:
  File "/usr/local/python/3.10.12/lib/python3.10/contextlib.py", line 135, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/lint/pylinter.py", line 1015, in _astroid_module_checker
    checker.open()
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint_django/checkers/foreign_key_strings.py", line 125, in open
    self.add_message(
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/checkers/base_checker.py", line 164, in add_message
    self.linter.add_message(
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/lint/pylinter.py", line 1341, in add_message
    self._add_one_message(
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/lint/pylinter.py", line 1274, in _add_one_message
    self.stats.increase_single_module_message_count(
  File "/workspaces/checkout/backend/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pylint/utils/linterstats.py", line 315, in increase_single_module_message_count
    self.by_module[modname][type_name] += increase
KeyError: 'Command line or configuration file'

阅读文档 https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint-django#usage我发现配置 django 的另一种方式是通过DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE环境变量。所以我尝试了这种方法并且有效

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=backend.backend.settings pylint --init-hook "import sys; sys.path.append('./backend')" --load-plugins pylint_django ./backend/payments/models.py

并设置 pylintawaysDJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULEenv，我添加了--init-hook arg

--init-hook "import os, sys; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'backend.backend.settings'; sys.path.append('${workspaceFolder}/backend')"