Pylint 无法与 OS X 上的 Emacs GUI 一起使用；从命令行工作

从命令行运行时（emacs filename.py）flymake 和 pylint 完美配合。错误被正确突出显示。 （尽管我无法通过工具提示悬停来获取错误详细信息，因为它是文本模式。）

当从 GUI (Carbon Emacs) 运行时，Flymake 立即返回，并且文件中的第一行突出显示错误“in <module>”。即使在“Hello World”脚本上，第一行也显示错误。）我想让它在 GUI 模式下正常工作，以便我可以用鼠标导航（我知道，我知道）并使用工具提示获取 pylint 报告的错误的详细信息。

我安装了 pylint “easy_install pylint”，pylint 和 epylint 脚本位于“~/py/scripts“。我将该目录添加到 .bashrc 中的 PATH 中：

export PATH=$PATH:~/py/scripts

（我的 .profile 是我的 .bashrc 的符号链接。）

我意识到 Emacs-GUI 没有从我的 .bashrc 加载路径，因此我创建了一个 ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist 文件，使用我在终端中看到的完整 PATH 设置 PATH 变量。

现在在 Emacs-GUI 中“(getenv "PATH")“输出显示正确：

"/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/git/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/Users/schof/py/scripts:/usr/X11R6/bin"

同样，输出“C-h v exec-path" 显示正确：

("/usr/bin" "/bin" "/usr/sbin" "/sbin" "/usr/local/bin" "/usr/local/git/bin" "/usr/X11/bin" "/Users/schof/py/scripts" "/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/libexec" "/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/bin" "/usr/X11R6/bin")

这让我对如何解决这个问题没有进一步的想法。我绝不是 emacs 专家，所以我可能在这里遗漏了一些明显的东西；请随时询问更多详情。

操作系统 X 10.6.7；碳 Emacs 22.3.1；皮林特 0.23.0。

.emacs 中的 Flymake / Pylint 代码：

  (when (load "flymake" t)
      (defun flymake-pylint-init ()
        (let* ((temp-file (flymake-init-create-temp-buffer-copy
                           'flymake-create-temp-inplace))
           (local-file (file-relative-name
                        temp-file
                        (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))))
          (list "epylint" (list local-file))))

      (add-to-list 'flymake-allowed-file-name-masks
               '("\\.py\\'" flymake-pylint-init)))


;; Auto-start flymake-mode when you go into python-mode
(add-hook 'python-mode-hook
          '(lambda ()
                   (setq python-indent 4)
                   (flymake-mode)))

2011-04-05 更新以回应@sanityinc的回答：

Flymake 的详细级别 3 输出*messages*：（这并没有让问题的根源对我来说显而易见。）

starting syntax check as new-line has been seen
flymake is running: nil
file /Users/schof/pytest.py, init=flymake-pylint-init [3 times]
create-temp-inplace: file=/Users/schof/pytest.py temp=/Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py
saved buffer pytest.py in file /Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py
started process 3221, command=(epylint pytest_flymake.py), dir=/Users/schof/
received 704 byte(s) of output from process 3221
file /Users/schof/pytest.py, init=flymake-pylint-init
parsed 'Traceback (most recent call last):', no line-err-info
parse line: file-idx=2 line-idx=3 file=/Users/schof/py/scripts/epylint line=4 text=in <module>
get-real-file-name: file-name=/Users/schof/py/scripts/epylint real-name=~/py/scripts/epylint
parsed '  File "/Users/schof/py/scripts/epylint", line 4, in <module>', got line-err-info
parsed '    import pkg_resources', no line-err-info
parse line: file-idx=2 line-idx=3 file=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py line=2556 text=in <module>
get-real-file-name: file-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py real-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py
parsed '  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py", line 2556, in <module>', got line-err-info
parsed '    working_set.require(__requires__)', no line-err-info
parse line: file-idx=2 line-idx=3 file=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py line=620 text=in require
get-real-file-name: file-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py real-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py
parsed '  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py", line 620, in require', got line-err-info
parsed '    needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))', no line-err-info
parse line: file-idx=2 line-idx=3 file=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py line=518 text=in resolve
get-real-file-name: file-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py real-name=/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py
parsed '  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Extras/lib/python/pkg_resources.py", line 518, in resolve', got line-err-info
parsed '    raise DistributionNotFound(req)  # XXX put more info here', no line-err-info
parsed 'pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: pylint==0.23.0', no line-err-info
file /Users/schof/pytest.py, init=flymake-pylint-init
process 3221 exited with code 1
cleaning up using flymake-simple-cleanup
deleted file /Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py
created an overlay at (1-18)
pytest.py: 4 error(s), 0 warning(s) in 0.47 second(s)

为了进行比较，以下是从 emacs 运行时 Flymake verbosity 3 的输出文本模式。 “hello world”文件通过了所有 pylint 测试。

starting syntax check as new-line has been seen                                                                         
flymake is running: nil                                                                                                 
file /Users/schof/pytest.py, init=flymake-pylint-init [3 times]                                                         
create-temp-inplace: file=/Users/schof/pytest.py temp=/Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py                                    
saved buffer pytest.py in file /Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py                                                           
started process 3395, command=(epylint pytest_flymake.py), dir=/Users/schof/                                            
file /Users/schof/pytest.py, init=flymake-pylint-init                                                                   
process 3395 exited with code 0                                                                                         
cleaning up using flymake-simple-cleanup                                                                                
deleted file /Users/schof/pytest_flymake.py                                                                             
pytest.py: 0 error(s), 0 warning(s) in 0.30 second(s) 

为了更清楚地看到出了什么问题，增加 Flymake 的日志级别，然后查看*messages*:

(setq flymake-log-level 3)

没有这些信息，我不会推测可能的问题。

有一个技巧可以避免environment.plist顺便说一句；你可以让 Emacs 向你的常规 shell 询问你的首选路径：

(defun set-exec-path-from-shell-PATH ()
  (let ((path-from-shell (replace-regexp-in-string
                          "[ \t\n]*$"
                          ""
                          (shell-command-to-string "$SHELL --login -i -c 'echo $PATH'"))))
    (setenv "PATH" path-from-shell)
    (setq exec-path (split-string path-from-shell path-separator))))

(when (and window-system (eq system-type 'darwin))
  ;; When started from Emacs.app or similar, ensure $PATH
  ;; is the same the user would see in Terminal.app
  (set-exec-path-from-shell-PATH))

（这是从我的 Emacs 配置 https://github.com/purcell/emacs.d，其中有一堆 Flymake 代码，包括使用 python 的配置pyflakes，所以你可能想看一下。）

Update：现在您已经添加了详细输出，我发现您的 ~/py/epylint 程序找不到pkg_resources，这指向PYTHONPATH错了。因此，使用上述技术的变体，尝试以下操作：

(defun setenv-from-shell (varname)
  (setenv varname (replace-regexp-in-string
                   "[ \t\n]*$"
                   ""
                   (shell-command-to-string (concat "$SHELL --login -i -c 'echo $" varname "'")))))

(setenv-from-shell "PYTHONPATH")