SSH keys
An SSH key allows you to establish(建立) a secure connection between your computer and GitLab.
Before generating an SSH key in your shell,
check if your system already has one by running the following command:
Windows Command Line:
type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub
GNU/Linux/Mac/PowerShell:
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
If you see a long string starting with ssh-rsa, you can skip the ssh-keygen step.
To generate a new SSH key, use the following command:
This command will prompt(提示) you for a location and filename to
store the key pair and for a password.
When prompted for the location and filename,
just press enter to use the default.
If you use a different name, the key will not be used automatically.
Note: It is a best practice to use a password for an SSH key,
but it is not required and you can skip creating a password by pressing enter.
If you want to change the password of your key later,
you can use the following command:
ssh-keygen -p <keyname>
Use the command below to show your public key:
Windows Command Line:
type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub
GNU/Linux/Mac/PowerShell:
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Copy-paste the key to the ‘My SSH Keys’ section under the ‘SSH’ tab
in your user profile.
Please copy the complete key starting with ssh-rsa
and ending with your username and host.
To copy your public key to the clipboard(剪贴板),
use the code below.
Depending on your OS you’ll need to use a different command:
Windows Command Line:
type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub | clip
Windows PowerShell:
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | clip
Mac:
pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
GNU/Linux (requires xclip):
xclip -sel clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Deploy keys
Deploy(部署) keys allow read-only access to multiple projects
with a single SSH key.
用一个公钥访问多个 项目。
This is really useful for cloning repositories to
your Continuous Integration (CI) server(连续集成服务器).
By using deploy keys, you don’t have to setup a dummy user account.
If you are a project master or owner,
you can add a deploy key in the project settings
under the section 'Deploy Keys'.
如果你是一个项目的主分支或者拥有者，
你可以添加一个部署公钥在你的项目设置当中。
Press the 'New Deploy Key' button and upload a public SSH key.
After this, the machine that uses the corresponding(相应的) private key has read-only access to the project.
You can’t add the same deploy key twice with the ‘New Deploy Key’ option.
你不能够按这个new deploy key，添加两个相同的部署公钥。
If you want to add the same key to another project, please enable it in the list that says 'Deploy keys from projects available to you'.
如果你想给另外的一个项目使用一个相同的部署公钥。
那么就需要在另外的项目当中设置公钥有效。
All the deploy keys of all the projects you have access to are available.
This project access can happen through being a direct member of the project,
or through a group.
See def accessible_deploy_keys inapp/models/user.rb for more information.
Deploy keys can be shared between projects,
you just need to add them to each project.
Applications
Eclipse
How to add your ssh key to Eclipse:
https://wiki.eclipse.org/EGit/User_Guide#Eclipse_SSH_Configuration
Tip: Non-default OpenSSH key file names or locations
If, for whatever reason, you decide to specify(指定) a non-default location and filename for your GitLab SSH key pair,
you must configure your SSH client to find your GitLab SSH private key
for connections to your GitLab server (perhaps gitlab.com).
For OpenSSH clients,
this is handled in the ~/.ssh/config file with a stanza(诗节) similar to the following:
#
# Main gitlab.com server
#
Host gitlab.com
RSAAuthentication yes
IdentityFile ~/my-ssh-key-directory/my-gitlab-private-key-filename
User mygitlabusername
Another example
#
# Our company's internal GitLab server
#
Host my-gitlab.company.com
RSAAuthentication yes
IdentityFile ~/my-ssh-key-directory/company-com-private-key-filename
Note in the gitlab.com example above a username
was specified(指定) to override the default chosen by OpenSSH (your local username).
This is only required if your local and remote(0 usernames differ.
Due to the wide variety(品种) of SSH clients and
their very large number of configuration options,
further explanation of these topics is beyond the scope of this document.
对这些主题的进一步解释超出了本文档的范围。
Public SSH keys need to be unique, as they will bind to your account.
Your SSH key is the only identifier you’ll have when pushing code via SSH.
That’s why it needs to uniquely map to a single user.
公共SSH密钥必须是唯一的，因为它们将绑定到您的帐户。
您的SSH密钥是通过SSH来推动代码时唯一的标识符。
这就是为什么它需要唯一地映射到单个用户的原因。
