导:电源是一切电子系统正常工作的基础,电源管理就是为电子系统设计合适的电源,很多单片机工程师只会用 LDO,也有很多不知道各种 DC-DC 如何选用,遇到低功耗需求时手足无措;
此处,总结对各种常见 DC-DC 的特点和选用,并结合低功耗设计,讲述了工程化设计思想在电源设计中的实践。
1.分类
电源管理分类(安森美半导体):AC-DC;DC-DC;LED驱动器;电源模块;电压和电流管理
DC-DC控制器、转换器和稳压器
(1)线性稳压器,电感型稳压器DC-DC,电荷泵(电容型)稳压器DC-DC;
常用的线性稳压器:7805、LM317、LM1117、MCP1700
(2) 电感型:Buck 电感型 DC-DC:LM2576 和 LM2596; Boost 电感型 DC-DC:NCP1400A
(3)电荷泵型反压器——MAX660; 带稳压的电荷泵——LM2772
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180817175849138?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
举例我自己在设计时,有采用过的其他用过的电源方案,可供参考!!!
eg.tps54327
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180820094516878?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
eg.MP1593 / MP1584 / LD-1117
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180820094932882?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180820100548550?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180820102416513?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
eg.MP4420
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180820095309226?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
eg.LDO系列--ME6210X33M3X
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826125623786?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
eg.LDO系列-LT3013B
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180917090441954?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
2.线性稳压器
(1)原理1--串联分压
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822185604841?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(2)原理2-并联分压
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822191156302?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(3)晶体管-串联稳压
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822190700148?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(4)稳压IC--介绍1-7805及其电路(输出大于等于5v)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822191455629?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822191505900?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
===现在的产品很少用7805的,发热表现不好,效率也不突出,输出电压大于5v,产品中有很多替代方案=====
(5)稳压ic--317系列--lm317/ncv317及其电路-----输出电压可以调整(1.2-37v),自带过热和短路保护
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822191659821?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822192135293?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(6)稳压ic--LM1117及其电路(输出电压小于等于5v)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822192240576?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180823092335614?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(7)稳压ic--MCP1700-低静态电流的LDO(非常适合在低功耗产品之中)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822193257751?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(8)关键参数--压差指标--输入输出电压差值=vin-vout
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822193121610?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822193913913?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
对比1700、1117和7805:参数对比!
MCP1700压差比LM1117小,LM1117的压差比7805小;在使用电池供电的产品中务必关注此参数;
相比之下,MCP1700显然能更有效充分利用电池,避免了浪费!
(9)静态电流
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822194818480?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
显然静态电流1700和7805差了几乎一个数量级;(7805是6mA,1117是4uA)
分析:1700的内部电路(静态电流就是单纯给ic供电,不考虑外部负载时所需要耗损的电流)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/2018082219462240?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
现在的便携产品,大都要考虑功耗,几乎所有的IC--不管是电源ic、传感器ic或者mcu的IC的静态损耗几乎都处在uA级别;超过mA级别的算是比较大的功耗了!
低静态电流、低压差是很关键的参数,如下的ic-参考上图的电路!
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826145642333?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(10)硬件电路的设计注意事项
1)防短电路设计
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822195219557?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822195547949?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
2)防反接电路--如下,这是我用过的一种防反接电路方案
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826133024358?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
3.电感型的DC-DC电路
(1) Buck 电感型 DC-DC:LM2576 和 LM2596.(降压型电路)
原理:
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822201105744?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826133712857?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826133743953?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(2)Boost电路结构和原理(升压型)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826134058902?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(3)带有buch和boost两种功能的原理和结构(升压和降压)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/2018082613412886?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
(4)电感型的DC-DC的芯片--LM2576/LM2596--电路参考上方的图
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826134757322?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135249469?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135306522?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135315188?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135323252?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135335842?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135344669?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135431255?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
4.电容型(电荷型)dc-dc
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135734233?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135745930?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/2018082613580044?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135814135?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180826135823272?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3hpYW94aWxhbmc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
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