如果“pip install”有效，为什么还要“sudo pip install”？ （HelloAnalytics.py 的问题）

Google 提供了一个示例 HelloAnalytics.py 来演示如何使用谷歌 API python 客户端 https://pypi.org/project/google-api-python-client/.

标题下方《2.安装客户端库》 https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/reporting/core/v4/quickstart/service-py#pip他们写：

使用 pip，这是安装 Python 包的推荐工具：

sudo pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client

我想知道为什么我应该使用sudo虽然一个简单的pip（没有sudo）似乎工作得很好（在我的 Mac 上）：

% pip install google-api-python-client
Collecting google-api-python-client
  Using cached google_api_python_client-1.9.3-py3-none-any.whl (59 kB)
Collecting six<2dev,>=1.6.1
  Using cached six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting google-auth-httplib2>=0.0.3
  Using cached google_auth_httplib2-0.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.3 kB)
Collecting google-api-core<2dev,>=1.18.0
  Using cached google_api_core-1.20.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (90 kB)
Collecting uritemplate<4dev,>=3.0.0
  Using cached uritemplate-3.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting httplib2<1dev,>=0.9.2
  Using cached httplib2-0.18.1-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
Collecting google-auth>=1.16.0
  Using cached google_auth-1.17.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (90 kB)
Collecting protobuf>=3.12.0
  Using cached protobuf-3.12.2-cp37-cp37m-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (1.3 MB)
Collecting pytz
  Using cached pytz-2020.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510 kB)
Collecting requests<3.0.0dev,>=2.18.0
  Using cached requests-2.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=34.0.0 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from google-api-core<2dev,>=1.18.0->google-api-python-client) (41.2.0)
Collecting googleapis-common-protos<2.0dev,>=1.6.0
  Using cached googleapis_common_protos-1.52.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (100 kB)
Collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0
  Using cached cachetools-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
  Using cached pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)
Collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4; python_version >= "3"
  Using cached rsa-4.6-py3-none-any.whl (47 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
  Using cached certifi-2020.4.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157 kB)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
  Using cached urllib3-1.25.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.2
  Using cached chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
  Using cached idna-2.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6
  Using cached pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
Installing collected packages: six, cachetools, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, rsa, google-auth, httplib2, google-auth-httplib2, protobuf, pytz, certifi, urllib3, chardet, idna, requests, googleapis-common-protos, google-api-core, uritemplate, google-api-python-client
Successfully installed cachetools-4.1.0 certifi-2020.4.5.2 chardet-3.0.4 google-api-core-1.20.1 google-api-python-client-1.9.3 google-auth-1.17.2 google-auth-httplib2-0.0.3 googleapis-common-protos-1.52.0 httplib2-0.18.1 idna-2.9 protobuf-3.12.2 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 pytz-2020.1 requests-2.23.0 rsa-4.6 six-1.15.0 uritemplate-3.0.1 urllib3-1.25.9

该样本是否已经过时了？ （他们使用print没有() though google-api-python-client 似乎已弃用 Python 2.7 https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-python-client#deprecated-python-versions which 迷惑别人 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51493828/google-reporting-api-v4-issue已经。）

我解决了这个问题，但仍然得到ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'oauth2client'。我说的对吗？sudo是不是这个原因呢？

好吧，他们没有解释什么是VIEW_ID是以及在哪里可以得到这个。

它无需 sudo 即可工作，因为您似乎已将 python 安装在用户具有写入权限的位置。

Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=34.0.0 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from google-api-core<2dev,>=1.18.0->google-api-python-client) (41.2.0)

这完全取决于你安装 python 的方式和位置。 mac os 发行版 python 安装在/Library/由 root 拥有。因此，如果您想安装新软件包，则需要使用 sudo。