测试期间依赖性不满足

我有一个运行良好的 Spring Boot 2.0.0 M2 应用程序。

我在构造函数上使用自动装配

@RequestMapping(value = "/rest")
@RestController
public class AddressRestController extends BaseController{

    private final AddressService AddressService;

    @Autowired
    public AddressRestController(final AddressService AddressService) {
        this.AddressService = AddressService;
    }
    ...
}

@Service
public class AddressServiceImpl extends BaseService implements AddressService {

    @Autowired
    public AddressServiceImpl(final AddressRepository AddressRepository) {
        this.AddressRepository = AddressRepository;
    }

    private final AddressRepository AddressRepository;
    ...
}


public interface AddressRepository extends JpaRepository<Address, Integer>, AddressRepositoryCustom {

}

@Repository
public class AddressRepositoryImpl extends SimpleJpaRepository implements AddressRepositoryCustom {
    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    @Autowired
    public AddressRepositoryImpl(EntityManager em) {
        super(Address.class, em);
    }
    ...
}

当我尝试运行基本测试时

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class AddressServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private AddressService service;

    @MockBean
    private AddressRepository restTemplate; 

    @Test
    public void getAddress(){

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        Pageable page = PageRequest.of(0, 20);

        Page<Address> pageAdr = mock(Page.class);

        given(this.restTemplate.findAll(page)).willReturn(pageAdr);

        Page<AddressDto> pageDto = service.getAddress(page);

    }
}

我收到这个错误

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException： 使用名称创建 bean 时出错 “com.sonos.arcor.service.AddressServiceTest”：不满足的依赖关系 通过现场“服务”来表达；嵌套异常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException：否 类型为 ''com.sonos.arcor.service.AddressService' 的合格 bean 可用：预计至少有 1 个符合自动装配资格的 bean 候选人。依赖注释： {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired（必需= true）}

我不明白为什么我会收到这个错误。

您需要用注释来注释测试SpringBootTest让 spring 初始化一个应用程序上下文

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class AddressServiceTest {
// the remaining test
}

另外你也不需要MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

Spring 负责模拟处理

当在字段上使用[@MockBean]时，创建的mock实例也会被 注射。每个测试方法后模拟 bean 会自动重置

see 嘲笑和监视 Bean https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-mocking-beans