在 zend 框架中运行控制器单元测试时出现“没有为此应用程序定义默认模块”异常

我有一个具有默认目录结构的应用程序，对于没有自定义模块的应用程序（请参阅最后的结构图）。

我按照许多教程中的说明编写了一个 ControllerTestCase.php 文件，并且还创建了相应的引导文件（再次参见最后的图）。

我已经编写了一些运行良好的模型测试，但是当我开始编写索引控制器测试文件时，其中只有一个测试，只有一行（“$this->dispatch('/');”） ），运行 phpunit 时出现以下异常（但使用浏览器导航到同一位置 - 一切都很好并且工作正常）：

1) IndexControllerTest::test_indexAction_noParams
Zend_Controller_Exception: No default module defined for this application

为什么是这样 ？我做错了什么？

附录：
目录结构：

-proj/
  -application/
    -controllers/
      -IndexController.php
      -ErrorController.php
    -config/
    -layouts/
    -models/
    -views/
      -helpers/
      -scripts/
        -error/
          -error.phtml
        -index/
          -index.phtml
    -Bootstrap.php
  -library/
  -tests/
    -application/
      -controllers/
        -IndexControllerTest.php
      -models/
      -bootstrap.php
      -ControllerTestCase.php
    -library/
    -phpunit.xml
  -public/
    -index.php

（基本上我在 models 目录中有更多文件，但这与这个问题无关。）

application.ini 文件：

[production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0
phpSettings.display_errors = 0
includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library"
bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php"
bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap"
appnamespace = "My"
resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers"
resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 0
resources.layout.layoutPath = APPLICATION_PATH "/layouts/scripts/"
resources.view[] = 
phpSettings.date.timezone = "America/Los_Angeles"

[staging : production]

[testing : production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
phpSettings.display_errors = 1

[development : production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
phpSettings.display_errors = 1
resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 1

测试/应用程序/bootstrap.php 文件：

<?php 
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// Define path to application directory
defined('APPLICATION_PATH')
    || define('APPLICATION_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../application'));

// Define application environment
defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
    || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'testing'));

// Ensure library/ is on include_path
set_include_path(implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, array(
    realpath(APPLICATION_PATH . '/../library'), // this project' library
    get_include_path(),
)));

/** Zend_Application */
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';

require_once 'ControllerTestCase.php';

ControllerTestCase.php 文件：

<?php
require_once ('Zend/Test/PHPUnit/ControllerTestCase.php');
class ControllerTestCase extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase {
    /**
     * 
     * @var Zend_Application
     */
    protected $application;

    protected function setUp(){
        $this->bootstrap = array($this, 'appBootstrap');
        parent::setUp();
    }

    public function appBootstrap(){
        $this->application = new Zend_Application(APPLICATION_ENV,
                                                  APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini');

    }
}

这是一个已知的错误。
这是我解决此问题的解决方法：

<?php
require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
require_once 'Zend/Test/PHPUnit/ControllerTestCase.php';

abstract class ControllerTestCase extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
{
    protected $_application;

    protected function setUp()
    {
        $this->bootstrap = array($this, 'appBootstrap');
        parent::setUp();
    }

    public function appBootstrap()
    {
        $this->_application = new Zend_Application(APPLICATION_ENV,
              APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini'
        );
        $this->_application->bootstrap();

        /**
         * Fix for ZF-8193
         * http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-8193
         * Zend_Controller_Action->getInvokeArg('bootstrap') doesn't work
         * under the unit testing environment.
         */
        $front = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();
        if($front->getParam('bootstrap') === null) {
            $front->setParam('bootstrap', $this->_application->getBootstrap());
        }
    }
}