转载自：http://asfr.blogbus.com/logs/44208067.html
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
# input comes from STDIN (standard input)
for line in sys.stdin:
# remove leading and trailing whitespace
line = line.strip()
# split the line into words
words = line.split()
# increase counters
for word in words:
# write the results to STDOUT (standard output);
# what we output here will be the input for the
# Reduce step, i.e. the input for reducer.py
#
# tab-delimited; the trivial word count is 1
print '%s\\t%s' % (word, 1)
#!/usr/bin/env python
from operator import itemgetter
import sys
# maps words to their counts
word2count = {}
# input comes from STDIN
for line in sys.stdin:
# remove leading and trailing whitespace
line = line.strip()
# parse the input we got from mapper.py
word, count = line.split('\\t', 1)
# convert count (currently a string) to int
try:
count = int(count)
word2count[word] = word2count.get(word, 0) + count
except ValueError:
# count was not a number, so silently
# ignore/discard this line
pass
# sort the words lexigraphically;
#
# this step is NOT required, we just do it so that our
# final output will look more like the official Hadoop
# word count examples
sorted_word2count = sorted(word2count.items(), key=itemgetter(0))
# write the results to STDOUT (standard output)
for word, count in sorted_word2count:
print '%s\\t%s'% (word, count)
——————————————————————————————————————————————
# very basic test
hadoop@ubuntu:~$ echo "foo foo quux labs foo bar quux" | /home/hadoop/mapper.py
foo 1
foo 1
quux 1
labs 1
foo 1
bar 1
——————————————————————————————————————————————
hadoop@ubuntu:~$ echo "foo foo quux labs foo bar quux" | /home/hadoop/mapper.py | sort | /home/hadoop/reducer.py
bar 1
foo 3
labs 1
——————————————————————————————————————————————
# using on
# (see below on where to get the ebooks)
hadoop@ubuntu:~$ cat /tmp/gutenberg/20417-8.txt | /home/hadoop/mapper.py
The 1
Project 1
Gutenberg 1
EBook 1
of 1
[...]
(you get the idea)
quux 2
quux 1
——————————————————————————————————————————————
在Hadoop平台上运行Python脚本
为了这个例子，我们将需要三种电子书：
hadoop@ubuntu:~$ ls -l /tmp/gutenberg/
total 3592
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 674425 2007-01-22 12:56 20417-8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 1423808 2006-08-03 16:36 7ldvc10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 1561677 2004-11-26 09:48 ulyss12.txt
hadoop@ubuntu:~$
复制本地数据到HDFS
在我们运行MapReduce job 前，我们需要将本地的文件复制到HDFS中：
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop dfs -copyFromLocal /tmp/gutenberg gutenberg
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop dfs -ls
Found 1 items
/user/hadoop/gutenberg <dir>
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop dfs -ls gutenberg
Found 3 items
/user/hadoop/gutenberg/20417-8.txt <r 1> 674425
/user/hadoop/gutenberg/7ldvc10.txt <r 1> 1423808
/user/hadoop/gutenberg/ulyss12.txt <r 1> 1561677
执行 MapReduce job
现在，一切准备就绪，我们将在运行Python MapReduce job 在Hadoop集群上。像我上面所说的，我们使用的是
HadoopStreaming 帮助我们传递数据在Map和Reduce间并通过STDIN和STDOUT，进行标准化输入输出。
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-0.19.1-streaming.jar
-mapper /home/hadoop/mapper.py -reducer /home/hadoop/reducer.py -input gutenberg/*
-output gutenberg-output
在运行中，如果你想更改Hadoop的一些设置，如增加Reduce任务的数量，你可以使用“-jobconf”选项：
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-0.19.1-streaming.jar
-jobconf mapred.reduce.tasks=16 -mapper ...
一个重要的备忘是关于Hadoop does not honor mapred.map.tasks
这个任务将会读取HDFS目录下的gutenberg并处理他们，将结果存储在独立的结果文件中，并存储在HDFS目录下的
gutenberg-output目录。
之前执行的结果如下：
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-0.19.1-streaming.jar
-mapper /home/hadoop/mapper.py -reducer /home/hadoop/reducer.py -input gutenberg/*
-output gutenberg-output
additionalConfSpec_:null
null=@@@userJobConfProps_.get(stream.shipped.hadoopstreaming
packageJobJar: [/usr/local/hadoop-datastore/hadoop-hadoop/hadoop-unjar54543/]
[] /tmp/streamjob54544.jar tmpDir=null
[...] INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 7
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: getLocalDirs(): [/usr/local/hadoop-datastore/hadoop-hadoop/mapred/local]
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: Running job: job_200803031615_0021
[...]
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 0% reduce 0%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 43% reduce 0%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 86% reduce 0%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 0%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 33%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 70%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 77%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: map 100% reduce 100%
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: Job complete: job_200803031615_0021
[...] INFO streaming.StreamJob: Output: gutenberg-output hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$
正如你所见到的上面的输出结果，Hadoop 同时还提供了一个基本的WEB接口显示统计结果和信息。
当Hadoop集群在执行时，你可以使用浏览器访问 http://localhost:50030/ ，如图：
检查结果是否输出并存储在HDFS目录下的gutenberg-output中：
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop dfs -ls gutenberg-output
Found 1 items
/user/hadoop/gutenberg-output/part-00000 <r 1> 903193 2007-09-21 13:00
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$
可以使用dfs -cat 命令检查文件目录
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$ bin/hadoop dfs -cat gutenberg-output/part-00000
"(Lo)cra" 1
"1490 1
"1498," 1
"35" 1
"40," 1
"A 2
"AS-IS". 2
"A_ 1
"Absoluti 1
[...]
hadoop@ubuntu:/usr/local/hadoop$
注意比输出，上面结果的(")符号不是Hadoop插入的。
改善Mapper 和 Reducer 使用Python的iterators 和 generators
请参考：Python iterators and generators
http://www.michael-noll.com/wiki/Writing_An_Hadoop_MapReduce_Program_In_Python#What_we_want_to_do