如何在 Android Studio 的单元测试中使用 Mockito/Hamcrest

我希望能够在 Android Studio 中进行单元测试和仪器测试，并在其中使用 Mockito。

我正在 Android Studio 0.8 中使用新方法进行测试。这是：

• 使用 gradle 构建
• 使用官方Android API进行测试（ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2等）
• 将测试放在应用程序的目录中，而不是作为单独的模块
• 在 Android Studio 中启动测试作为“Android Test”运行配置

如何在测试中编写依赖于仅用于测试的库（例如mockito或hamcrest）的代码？

我想在编译和运行测试时包含这些库，但避免将它们导出到已发布的 .apk 中。

In https://code.google.com/p/mockito/wiki/DeclaringMockitoDependency https://code.google.com/p/mockito/wiki/DeclaringMockitoDependency我读过我应该将依赖项添加为：

dependencies {
    ....
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
}

但是运行时我得到：

构建脚本错误，发现不支持的 Gradle DSL 方法： '测试编译（）'！

虽然我不确定它是否相关，但我使用的 gradle 构建文件是：

apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
    compile project(':android-sdk')
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    }

    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Note - to run the tests from command line:
        // $ gradle clean connectedCheck build
        // (requires gradle 1.10)

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}

我通过使用“依赖项”下的“androidTestCompile”选项使其工作，如所解释的here http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide#TOC-Testing.

我所做的是：

• 创建了一个名为 libs-tests 的文件夹，其中包含仅用于测试的 jar。
• 添加该文件夹作为“androidTestCompile”测试的依赖项

现在，gradle 构建文件如下：

apply plugin: 'android'

dependencies {
    compile project(':android-sdk')

    // The libs folder is included in the apk of the real app
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')

    // The tests-libs folder is included only for tests
    androidTestCompile fileTree(dir: 'libs-tests', include: '*.jar')
}


android {
    compileSdkVersion 19
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    }


    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }

        // Move the tests to tests/java, tests/res, etc...
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')

        // Note - to run the tests from command line:
        // $ gradle clean connectedCheck build
        // (requires gradle 1.10)

        // Move the build types to build-types/<type>
        // For instance, build-types/debug/java, build-types/debug/AndroidManifest.xml, ...
        // This moves them out of them default location under src/<type>/... which would
        // conflict with src/ being used by the main source set.
        // Adding new build types or product flavors should be accompanied
        // by a similar customization.
        debug.setRoot('build-types/debug')
        release.setRoot('build-types/release')
    }
}