我正在寻找解决方案，使外部应用程序（不是像记事本或 calc.exe 这样的 Windows 应用程序）在按下 Java GUI 中的按钮后始终保持在最上面。
我在 C++ 中使用此代码来获取桌面上所有打开的窗口，并将其进程 ID (PID) 与发送的 PID（来自我的 Java 应用程序）进行匹配：
#include "cjni.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
BOOL CALLBACK EnumWindowsProc(HWND windowHandle, LPARAM lParam){
DWORD searchedProcessId = (DWORD)lParam;
DWORD windowProcessId = 0;
GetWindowThreadProcessId(windowHandle, &windowProcessId);
printf("process id=%d\n", windowProcessId);
if(searchedProcessId == windowProcessId) {
HWND hwnd = windowHandle;
SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE);
printf("Process ID found !");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_gui_CJNI_AlwaysOnTop
(JNIEnv *env, jclass jobj, jint processId) {
//(*env)->EnumWindows(&EnumWindowsProc, (LPARAM)processId);
EnumWindows(&EnumWindowsProc, (LPARAM)processId);
}
Java JNI 中的实现：
package gui;
public class CJNI {
static {
System.loadLibrary("cjni");
}
static native void AlwaysOnTop(int processId);
public void metoda(final int processId) {
//AlwaysOnTop(processId);
}
在 Java 中，我使用此代码来获取所选进程的 PID：
public int getPID(Process p) {
try {
Field f = p.getClass().getDeclaredField("handle");
f.setAccessible(true);
long handl = f.getLong(p);
Kernel32 kernel = Kernel32.INSTANCE;
WinNT.HANDLE handle = new WinNT.HANDLE();
handle.setPointer(Pointer.createConstant(handl));
return kernel.GetProcessId(handle);
} catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
return -1;
}
}
我的程序与 MS Windows 应用程序配合良好，使它们始终位于最前面。不幸的是，外部应用程序并不总是占据首位。我正在使用 SetWindowPos();来自 C++ 的方法。当我通过 GetForegroundWindow() 选择外部程序窗口并将此窗口句柄 (HWND) 作为 SetWindowPos() 的参数时，它会起作用；
这是与外部应用程序一起使用的代码，始终位于顶部（但我必须自己选择应用程序窗口 - 通过鼠标选择）：
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
cout << "Select window within 2 seconds\n";
Sleep(2000);
HWND hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
//HWND hWnd = (HWND)0x8036c;
SetWindowPos(hWnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);
cout <<"Number hwnd: " << hWnd << endl;
cout << "Always on top set on window.\n";
return 0;
}
是否可以从 JNI 中获取 C++ 方法的实现，并使用 JNA，使用 Java GUI 打开外部并将应用程序设置为始终位于顶部？
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package gui;
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.Kernel32;
//import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.User32;
//import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT;
//import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinUser;
//import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
//import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.DWORD;
//import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.HANDLE;
/**
*
* @author adrians
*/
public class Test extends javax.swing.JFrame /*implements WndEnumProc*/ {
long startTime;
long stopTime;
/**
* Creates new form Test
*/
public Test() {
initComponents();
}
/**
* This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
* WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
* regenerated by the Form Editor.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">
private void initComponents() {
jButton1 = new javax.swing.JButton();
jButton2 = new javax.swing.JButton();
jButton3 = new javax.swing.JButton();
jButton4 = new javax.swing.JButton();
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jButton1.setText("Kalkulator");
jButton1.setMaximumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton1.setMinimumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton1.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(83, 23));
jButton1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
jButton1ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
jButton2.setText("Notatnik");
jButton2.setMaximumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton2.setMinimumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton2.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(83, 23));
jButton2.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
jButton2ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
jButton3.setText("SeaNet Pro");
jButton3.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
jButton3ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
jButton4.setText("Paint");
jButton4.setMaximumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton4.setMinimumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton4.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(87, 23));
jButton4.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
jButton4ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
layout.setHorizontalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(50, 50, 50)
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(jButton4, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 127, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, false)
.addComponent(jButton3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 125, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(jButton2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 125, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 125, Short.MAX_VALUE)))
.addContainerGap(53, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
layout.setVerticalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(30, 30, 30)
.addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 60, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGap(25, 25, 25)
.addComponent(jButton2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 60, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGap(25, 25, 25)
.addComponent(jButton3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 60, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addGap(25, 25, 25)
.addComponent(jButton4, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 60, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addContainerGap(30, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
pack();
}// </editor-fold>
private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
run("calc.exe");
}
private void jButton2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
run("notepad.exe");
}
private void jButton3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
run("\"C:\\Program Files\\vlc-2.1.1\\vlc.exe\"");
}
private void jButton4ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
run("mspaint.exe");
}
public void run(String name) {
try {
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(name);
final int pid = getPID(process);
System.out.println("Program name: " + name + ", PID=" + pid);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread.sleep(150);
CJNI.AlwaysOnTop(pid);
stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
System.out.println("Time: "+stopTime);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
}).start();
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Okno.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
public int getPID(Process p) {
try {
Field f = p.getClass().getDeclaredField("handle");
f.setAccessible(true);
long handl = f.getLong(p);
Kernel32 kernel = Kernel32.INSTANCE;
WinNT.HANDLE handle = new WinNT.HANDLE();
handle.setPointer(Pointer.createConstant(handl));
//final User32 user32 = User32.INSTANCE;
return kernel.GetProcessId(handle);
} catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
return -1;
}
}
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
/* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
//<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
/* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
* For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
*/
try {
for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
break;
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
//</editor-fold>
/* Create and display the form */
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
new Test().setVisible(true);
}
});
}
// Variables declaration - do not modify
private javax.swing.JButton jButton1;
private javax.swing.JButton jButton2;
private javax.swing.JButton jButton3;
private javax.swing.JButton jButton4;
// End of variables declaration
}
请帮忙。
我无法将外部应用程序（非 MS Windows 软件）设置为始终位于顶部。
我使用的是 JNA 3.0.0 版本。
-----------------------------------------------------------
我正在尝试将 C++ Win Api 方法（来自上面的第一个问题） - EnumWindowsProc、EnumWindows GetWindowThreadProcessId 和 SetWindowPos - 应用于 Java 代码实现，以简化我的应用程序的代码。
我尝试将 C++/JNI 代码的功能移至 JNA。不幸的是，我只能打印所有带有窗口标题的桌面窗口的句柄（HWND），而没有 PID。
我想将Java中打开的程序（exe文件）的进程ID发送到Java JNA中EnumWindows的实现，并通过Java JNA中桌面上每个打开的窗口（在EnumWindowsProc方法中）搜索该进程ID。然后我想将发送进程ID的windowHandle与桌面上打开的窗口的windowHandle进行比较。找到发送进程 ID 的 windowHandle 后，我想调用方法 SetWindowPos，它允许我将打开的窗口设置为始终位于顶部（最顶部）。
换句话说，我想通过JNA将函数从C++/JNI复制到Java代码。
这是我的代码：
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.DWORD;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.HWND;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
public class n {
// Equivalent JNA mappings
public interface User32 extends StdCallLibrary {
User32 INSTANCE = (User32) Native.loadLibrary("user32", User32.class);
interface WNDENUMPROC extends StdCallCallback {
boolean callback(Pointer hWnd, Pointer arg);
}
boolean EnumWindows(WNDENUMPROC lpEnumFunc, Pointer arg);
int GetWindowTextA(Pointer hWnd, byte[] lpString, int nMaxCount);
//int GetWindowThread(Pointer hWnd, int windowProcessId);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final User32 user32 = User32.INSTANCE;
user32.EnumWindows(new User32.WNDENUMPROC() {
int count;
public boolean callback(Pointer hWnd, Pointer userData) {
/*
Pointer searchedProcessId = userData;
int windowProcessId = 0;
user32.GetWindowThread(searchedProcessId, windowProcessId);
System.out.println("Process id = "+user32.GetWindowThread(searchedProcessId, windowProcessId));
*/
byte[] windowText = new byte[512];
user32.GetWindowTextA(hWnd, windowText, 512);
String wText = Native.toString(windowText);
wText = (wText.isEmpty()) ? "" : "; text: " + wText;
System.out.println("Found window " + hWnd + ", total " + ++count + wText);
return true;
}
}, null);
}
}
我的第二个问题是，当我尝试为外部应用程序设置 Aways On Top 时，该 exe 文件会生成多个 PID（进程 ID），因为它不起作用。可能出什么问题了？对于仅生成一个进程 ID 的软件，它可以正常工作，对于另一种生成多个 PID 的软件（exe 文件）（例如，当我打开 Adobe Reader 时，它为一个 exe 文件生成两个 pid），它无法正常工作。
我将非常感谢您将功能从 C++/JNI 代码转移到 JNA 的帮助。
我想通过 JNA 解决 Java 代码中的这些问题。
