SQLAlchemy 错误：“TypeError：附加参数应命名为 <方言名称>_<参数>，得到‘可为空’”

Problem

在遵循 Flash 使用教程时，我在使用 Flask 时遇到错误。 因为我是一名基础的 Python 程序员，所以我不明白它为什么或者有什么问题。

因此，如果您不介意解释它或添加解释链接。

控制台打印错误

（不知道什么是重要的，抱歉）

C:\Users\name\Desktop\Eeverything on this computer\GCSE\Computer Science\free-style\organised\website>python flaskblog.py
C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask_sqlalchemy\__init__.py:835: FSADeprecationWarning: SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS adds significant overhead and will be disabled by default in the future.  Set it to True or False to suppress this warning.
  'SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS adds significant overhead and '
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "flaskblog.py", line 22, in <module>
    class Post(db.Model):
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask_sqlalchemy\model.py", line 67, in __init__
    super(NameMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask_sqlalchemy\model.py", line 121, in __init__
    super(BindMetaMixin, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\ext\declarative\api.py", line 75, in __init__
    _as_declarative(cls, classname, cls.__dict__)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\ext\declarative\base.py", line 131, in _as_declarative
    _MapperConfig.setup_mapping(cls, classname, dict_)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\ext\declarative\base.py", line 160, in setup_mapping
    cfg_cls(cls_, classname, dict_)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\ext\declarative\base.py", line 190, in __init__
    self._setup_table()
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\ext\declarative\base.py", line 538, in _setup_table
    **table_kw
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask_sqlalchemy\model.py", line 99, in __table_cls__
    return sa.Table(*args, **kwargs)
  File "<string>", line 2, in __new__
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\deprecations.py", line 128, in warned
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 506, in __new__
    metadata._remove_table(name, schema)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\langhelpers.py", line 68, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 153, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 501, in __new__
    table._init(name, metadata, *args, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 600, in _init
    self._init_items(*args)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 117, in _init_items
    spwd(self)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\base.py", line 457, in _set_parent_with_dispatch
    self.dispatch.after_parent_attach(self, parent)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\event\attr.py", line 322, in __call__
    fn(*args, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 2094, in _set_table
    **self._unvalidated_dialect_kw
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 3132, in __init__
    **dialect_kw
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py", line 2711, in __init__
    self._validate_dialect_kwargs(dialect_kw)
  File "C:\Users\name\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\base.py", line 289, in _validate_dialect_kwargs
    "named <dialectname>_<argument>, got '%s'" % k
TypeError: Additional arguments should be named <dialectname>_<argument>, got 'nullable'

我的代码：flaskblog.py

from flask import Flask, escape, request, render_template, url_for, flash, redirect
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from forms import RegistrationForm, LoginForm
from datetime import datetime

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = "16ee14ac45b13e16aca29d7827e58366"
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = "sqlite:///site.db"
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), unique = True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique = True, nullable=False)
    image_file = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False, default="default.jpg")
    password = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False)
    posts = db.relationship("Post", backref="auther", lazy=True)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"User('{self.username}', '{self.email}', {self.image_file})"

class Post(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    date_posted = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, default = datetime.utcnow)
    content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id", nullable=False))

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Post('{self.title}', '{self.date_posted}')"

posts = [
{
    "auther": "ed",
    "title": "blog 1",
    "content": "first post",
    "sate_posted": "1/1/79"
},
{
    "auther": " not ed",
    "title": "blog 2",
    "content": "second post",
    "sate_posted": "2/1/79"
}]

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/home')
def home():
    return render_template("home.html", posts=posts)

@app.route('/about')
def about():
    return render_template("about.html", title = "about")

@app.route('/register', methods=["GET", "POST"])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        flash(f"Account created for {form.username.data}!", "success")
        return redirect(url_for("home"))
    return render_template("register.html", title = "Register", form = form)

@app.route('/login', methods=["GET", "POST"])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        if form.email.data == "[email protected] /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" and form.password.data == "password":
            flash("You have been logged in!", "success")
            return redirect(url_for("home"))
        else:
            flash("Login Unsuccesful. please check username and password", "danger")
    return render_template("login.html", title = "Login", form = form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

相关文件

现在，我不知道您还需要什么，与此相关的其他文件称为：

    forms.py

    about.html
    home.html
    layout.html
    login.html
    register.html
    main.css

我没有添加它们，因为它最终可能会成为太多不必要的代码，但如果您需要任何东西，请发表评论。

看来您在以下内容中输入了错误user_id字段来自Post class.

你写了：

    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id", nullable=False))

当正确的是：

    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id"), nullable=False)