2021年更新
strace -fp PID只是在我的系统（Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS）上做了正确的事情。这strace手册页指出了这一点：
-f Trace child processes as they are created by currently traced processes as a result of the fork(2), vfork(2) and clone(2) system
calls. Note that -p PID -f will attach all threads of process PID if it is multi-threaded, not only thread with thread_id = PID.
看起来这段文字是2013 年添加 https://github.com/strace/strace/commit/22efaf0028ddec8f9ed2a2a11e9baaa201594a33. If -f当时我的系统上有这种行为，我没有意识到。不过现在确实如此！
2013年原始答案
我只是用一种笨拙的方式做到了这一点，列出了每个要跟踪的tid。
您可以通过以下方式找到他们ps:
$ ps auxw -T | fgrep program_to_trace
me pid tid1 ...
me pid tid2 ...
me pid tid3 ...
me pid tid4 ...
然后，根据man strace，您可以一次附加到多个 pid：
-p pid Attach to the process with the process ID pid and begin tracing. The trace may be terminated at any time by a keyboard interrupt
signal (CTRL-C). strace will respond by detaching itself from the traced process(es) leaving it (them) to continue running. Mul‐
tiple -p options can be used to attach to up to 32 processes in addition to command (which is optional if at least one -p option is
given).
It says pid，但是 Linux 上的 iirc pid 和 tid 共享相同的命名空间，这似乎有效：
$ strace -f -p tid1 -p tid2 -p tid3 -p tid4
我认为这可能是你目前能做的最好的事情了。但我想有人可以延长strace带有用于扩展 tid 的标志。在寻找流程和附加流程之间可能仍然存在一场竞赛，其中新启动的流程可能会被错过。它符合现有的警告strace -f:
-f Trace child processes as they are created by currently traced processes as a result of the fork(2) system call.
On non-Linux platforms the new process is attached to as soon as its pid is known (through the return value of fork(2) in the par‐
ent process). This means that such children may run uncontrolled for a while (especially in the case of a vfork(2)), until the par‐
ent is scheduled again to complete its (v)fork(2) call. On Linux the child is traced from its first instruction with no delay. If
the parent process decides to wait(2) for a child that is currently being traced, it is suspended until an appropriate child
process either terminates or incurs a signal that would cause it to terminate (as determined from the child's current signal dispo‐
sition).
On SunOS 4.x the tracing of vforks is accomplished with some dynamic linking trickery.
