1)您可以查看来源。
2)问题甚至不清楚included也受到推崇的图书馆。大多数人会理解你的问题是要求两组。
3) 在 Debian 上,我们分割了安装目录,这样可以轻松回答问题 2):
edd@max:~$ ls /usr/lib/R/library/ ##
base datasets lattice nnet stats4
boot foreign MASS parallel survival
class graphics Matrix rpart tcltk
cluster grDevices methods spatial tools
codetools grid mgcv splines utils
compiler KernSmooth nlme stats
4)查看源代码可以看出真正的默认值和推荐值之间的区别:(这些是来自版本化 tarball 的软链接)
edd@max:~$ COLUMNS=60 ls ~/src/debian/R/R-2.14.1/src/library/
base grDevices methods splines tools
compiler grid parallel stats utils
datasets Makefile.in profile stats4
graphics Makefile.win Recommended tcltk
and
edd@max:~$ COLUMNS=60 ls ~/src/debian/R/R-2.14.1/src/library/Recommended/
boot_1.3-3.tar.gz MASS_7.3-16.tar.gz
boot.tgz MASS.tgz
class_7.3-3.tar.gz Matrix_1.0-2.tar.gz
class.tgz Matrix.tgz
cluster_1.14.1.tar.gz mgcv_1.7-12.tar.gz
cluster.tgz mgcv.tgz
codetools_0.2-8.tar.gz nlme_3.1-102.tar.gz
codetools.tgz nlme.tgz
foreign_0.8-48.tar.gz nnet_7.3-1.tar.gz
foreign.tgz nnet.tgz
KernSmooth_2.23-7.tar.gz rpart_3.1-50.tar.gz
KernSmooth.tgz rpart.tgz
lattice_0.20-0.tar.gz spatial_7.3-3.tar.gz
lattice.tgz spatial.tgz
Makefile.in survival_2.36-10.tar.gz
Makefile.win survival.tgz
edd@max:~$ COLUMNS=60
5) 最后,包还在其描述字段中说明了这一点:
edd@max:~$ grep -i Recommended /usr/lib/R/library/*/DESCRIPTION
/usr/lib/R/library/boot/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/class/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/cluster/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/codetools/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/foreign/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/KernSmooth/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/lattice/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/MASS/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/Matrix/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/mgcv/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/nlme/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/nnet/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/rpart/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/spatial/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
/usr/lib/R/library/survival/DESCRIPTION:Priority: recommended
edd@max:~$
and
edd@max:~$ grep "Priority: base" /usr/lib/R/library/*/DESCRIPTION
/usr/lib/R/library/base/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/compiler/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/datasets/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/graphics/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/grDevices/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/grid/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/methods/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/parallel/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/splines/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/stats4/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/stats/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/tcltk/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/tools/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
/usr/lib/R/library/utils/DESCRIPTION:Priority: base
edd@max:~$
所有这些答案都是针对 2.14.1 的。