对于 @TestConfiguration 类的 @SpringBootTest @Import 不执行任何操作，而 @ContextConfiguration 按预期覆盖

考虑以下集成测试注释：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.NONE,
                properties = "spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true")
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {WorkerTestConfig.class})
//@Import(value = {WorkerTestConfig.class})
@ActiveProfiles({"dev","test"})
public class NumberServiceITest {

WorkestTestConfig 的作用是在集成启动期间覆盖真实的 bean/bean 集，每当我使用@ContextConfiguration每当我使用时，真正的 bean 就会退出，并使用 WorkerTestConfig 中的 bean@Import真正的 bean 仍然被创建并且未通过测试。

The WorkerTestConfig其本身尽可能简单：

@TestConfiguration
public class WorkerTestConfig {

    @Primary
    @Bean
    public ScheduledExecutorService taskExecutor() {
        return DirectExecutorFactory.createSameThreadExecutor();
    }
}

谁能解释一下 @SpringBootTest 注释的另一个神奇行为？如果您重现相同的行为，请确认，以便我可以转到问题跟踪器，因为我看到人们使用@Import with @SpringBootTest在这里，Spring Boot 文档中没有任何内容禁止它：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-execution-config https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-excluding-config

完全不知道发生了什么。

版本：2.1.2.RELEASE

Update:

还尝试删除真正的 bean，看看问题是否只是覆盖，但是@Import注释只是死在水中，不起作用 - >甚至无法创建 bean，@ContextConfiguration 具有附加/覆盖行为，导入根本不执行任何操作。 注释的完全限定导入是： 导入 org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

也尝试过改变@TestConfiguration to @Configuration只是为了它，什么都没有。死的。

更新2：

The @Import但适用于标准弹簧测试：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {Some.class,
                                 Some2WhichDependsOnWorkerTestConfig.class})

@Import(WorkerTestConfig.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class SomeOtherTest {

的顺序是@Import类在未定义的测试中使用时进行处理。这@Import添加测试功能主要是为了允许额外的beans 很容易注册，无意将其用于replace豆定义。

如果你想深入了解到底发生了什么，你可以打开ConfigurationClassParser并添加条件断点doProcessConfigurationClass。添加以下条件代码：

System.err.println(configClass);
return false;

现在，如果您调试应用程序，您将在处理配置类时获得附加输出。

当你使用classes没有注释属性@Import你会看到的：

ConfigurationClass: beanName 'demoImportBugApplication', com.example.demoimportbug.DemoImportBugApplication
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'original', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/first/Original.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'workerConfig', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/first/WorkerConfig.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'someTestSecondConfiguration', com.example.demoimportbug.second.SomeTestSecondConfiguration
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/context/PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/task/TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/CacheAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/GenericCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/SimpleCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/NoOpCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/context/ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/info/ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/task/TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration.class]

当您使用@Import没有classes您将获得的属性：

ConfigurationClass: beanName 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.ImportsContextCustomizer$ImportsConfiguration', org.springframework.boot.test.context.ImportsContextCustomizer$ImportsConfiguration
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/first/SomeFirstUsingSecondConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/second/SomeTestSecondConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'demoImportBugApplication', com.example.demoimportbug.DemoImportBugApplication
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'original', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/first/Original.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'workerConfig', class path resource [com/example/demoimportbug/first/WorkerConfig.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/context/PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/task/TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/CacheAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/GenericCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/SimpleCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/cache/NoOpCacheConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/context/ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/info/ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration.class]
ConfigurationClass: beanName 'null', class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/task/TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration.class]

第一个版本加载WorkerConfig before SomeTestSecondConfiguration而第二个版本加载SomeTestSecondConfiguration before WorkerConfig.

您还会注意到第二个版本有一个ImportsContextCustomizer$ImportsConfiguration类是触发额外导入的东西。

如果你看SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper你可以在getOrFindConfigurationClasses定义排序的方法，并且您的附加测试类将始终列在主要配置之后。

tl;dr 如果您需要定义排序，请使用classes属性。如果你想添加额外的bean并且你不想覆盖任何东西使用@Import.

您可能还想看看@MockBean它提供了一种更健壮的方法来用模拟替换 bean。