我发现我的 spring web 项目在 tomcat 上初始化了两次，下面是打印的消息
第一次：
INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:04 ContextLoader Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:04 XmlWebApplicationContext Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Thu Jan 08 15:18:04 GMT+08:00 2015]; root of context hierarchy
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:04 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-shiro.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:04 XmlBeanDefinition Reader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-datasources.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:04 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-commons.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:05 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mybatis.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:05 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-xmemcached.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:05 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-aop.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:05 PropertiesFactoryBean Loading properties file from URL [file:/home/pinkdahlia/develop/config/BackendConf.properties]
第二次：
INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 ContextLoader Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlWebApplicationContext Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Thu Jan 08 15:18:13 GMT+08:00 2015]; root of context hierarchy
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-shiro.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-datasources.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-commons.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mybatis.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-xmemcached.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:13 XmlBeanDefinitionReader Loading XML bean definitions from file [/home/pinkdahlia/develop/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/webapps/vips-mobile-mlisting-backend/WEB-INF/classes/spring-aop.xml]
INFO 2015-01-08 15:18:14 PropertiesFactoryBean Loading properties file from URL [file:/home/pinkdahlia/develop/config/BackendConf.properties]
这是我的 web.xml 中的内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:spring-*.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
最后是我的 mvc-servlet.xml 文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true"></aop:config>
<context:property-placeholder location="file:${vips.backend.config}"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.vip.mlisting" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:argument-resolvers>
<bean class="com.vip.mlisting.system.resolver.CurrentUserMethodArgumentResolver"/>
</mvc:argument-resolvers>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/WEB-INF/static/"/>
<!-- the prefix and suffix of ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:order="1">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
</beans>
我已经尽力在谷歌上找到解决方案，但没有任何效果，任何人都可以帮助，非常感谢。
这是因为 2 个上下文
servlet-level spring context
and
global Spring context common to the whole application
在你的 web.xml 中
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
也可以看看为什么 Spring MVC 至少需要两个上下文？ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18682486/why-does-spring-mvc-need-at-least-two-contexts
Spring MVC Web 应用程序：应用程序上下文启动两次 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15951257/spring-mvc-web-app-application-context-starts-twice
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