Android：使用 1 个活动的主/详细流程（双窗格）

据报道安卓指南 http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/tablets-and-handsets.html, 双面板可以通过两种方式实现：

1. 多个片段，one活动
2. 多个片段，multiple活动

我正在使用第一个案例（Android指南只解释了第二种情况）。

这就是发生的事情7寸平板电脑:

• 旋转从风景到肖像：仅重新创建单窗格片段
• 旋转从肖像到风景：重新创建所有 3 个片段（单窗格、双窗格主、双窗格细节）

问题：为什么是单窗格片段（我以编程方式创建，但使用布局中定义的 FrameLayout 作为容器）在双窗格上重新创建？

我在下面报告我的实施情况：

/layout/activity_main.xml：

<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/single_pane"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

/layout-w900dp/activity_main.xml：

<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/dual_pane"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment class="com.example.MasterFragment"
        android:id="@+id/master_dual"
        android:tag="MASTER_FRAGMENT_DUAL_PANE"
        android:layout_width="@dimen/master_frag_width"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    <fragment class="com.example.DetailFragment"
        android:id="@+id/detail_dual"
        android:tag="DETAIL_FRAGMENT_DUAL_PANE"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

这是onCreate在主要活动中：

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    mDualPane = findViewById(R.id.dual_pane)!=null;

    FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
    if (savedInstanceState==null) {
        // this is a non-UI fragment I am using for data processing purposes
        fm.beginTransaction().add(new NonUiFragment(), DATA_FRAGMENT).commit();
    }
    if (!mDualPane && fm.findFragmentById(R.id.single_pane)==null) {
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.single_pane, new MasterFragment(), MASTER_FRAGMENT_SINGLE_PANE).commit();
    }
}

我发现它是好多了在代码中添加同样适用于双窗格的片段。

因此，不要使用<fragment>，还可以使用<FrameLayout>也适用于双窗格 XML。

/layout-w900dp/activity_main.xml：

<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/dual_pane"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/master_dual"
        android:layout_width="@dimen/master_frag_width"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/detail_dual"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

通过这种方式，您可以使用just onemasterFragment 和 DetailFragment 的实例，因此您不会遇到同一片段有多个实例的问题。

为了做到这一点，在OnCreate您需要将片段添加到容器中，与旧容器分离：

    mDualPane = findViewById(R.id.dual_pane)!=null;

    if (savedInstanceState!=null) {
        mLastSinglePaneFragment = savedInstanceState.getString("lastSinglePaneFragment");
    }

    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

    if (!mDualPane && fm.findFragmentById(R.id.single_pane)==null) {
        MasterFragment masterFragment = getDetatchedMasterFragment(false);
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.single_pane, masterFragment, MASTER_FRAGMENT).commit();
        if (mLastSinglePaneFragment==DETAIL_FRAGMENT) {
            openSinglePaneDetailFragment();
        }
    }
    if (mDualPane && fm.findFragmentById(R.id.master_dual)==null) {
        MasterFragment masterFragment = getDetatchedMasterFragment(true);
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.master_dual, masterFragment, MASTER_FRAGMENT).commit();
    }
    if (mDualPane && fm.findFragmentById(R.id.detail_dual)==null) {
        DetailFragment detailFragment = getDetatchedDetailFragment();
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.detail_dual, detailFragment, DETAIL_FRAGMENT).commit();
    }

使用这些函数：

public static final String MASTER_FRAGMENT = "MASTER_FRAGMENT";
public static final String DETAIL_FRAGMENT = "DETAIL_FRAGMENT";

private MasterFragment getDetatchedMasterFragment(boolean popBackStack) {
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    MasterFragment masterFragment = getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(MASTER_FRAGMENT);
    if (masterFragment == null) {
        masterFragment = new MasterFragment();
    } else {
        if (popBackStack) {
            fm.popBackStack(null, FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
        }
        fm.beginTransaction().remove(masterFragment).commit();
        fm.executePendingTransactions();
    }
    return masterFragment;
}

private DetailFragment getDetatchedDetailFragment() {
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    DetailFragment detailFragment = getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(DETAIL_FRAGMENT);
    if (detailFragment == null) {
        detailFragment = new DetailFragment();
    } else {
        fm.beginTransaction().remove(detailFragment).commit();
        fm.executePendingTransactions();
    }
    return detailFragment;
}

private void openSinglePaneDetailFragment() {
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    fm.popBackStack(null, FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
    DetailFragment detailFragment = getDetatchedDetailFragment();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();
    fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.single_pane, detailFragment, DETAIL_FRAGMENT);
    fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
    fragmentTransaction.commit();
}