张量流中的CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY

当我开始训练一些神经网络时，它满足了CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY但训练可以继续进行，不会出现错误。因为我想根据实际需要使用GPU内存，所以我设置了gpu_options.allow_growth = True.日志如下：

I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcublas.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcudnn.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcufft.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcuda.so.1 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcurand.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:925] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:951] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1080
major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate (GHz) 1.7335
pciBusID 0000:01:00.0
Total memory: 7.92GiB
Free memory: 7.81GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:972] DMA: 0
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:982] 0:   Y
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1041] Creating TensorFlow device (/gpu:0) -> (device:0, name: GeForce GTX 1080, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0)
E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_driver.cc:965] failed to allocate 4.00G (4294967296 bytes) from device: CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Iter 20, Minibatch Loss= 40491.636719
...

并且使用后nvidia-smi命令，它得到：

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+   
| NVIDIA-SMI 367.27                 Driver Version: 367.27                            
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |  
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M.
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 0000:01:00.0     Off |                  N/A |   
| 40%   61C    P2    46W / 180W |   8107MiB /  8111MiB |     96%      Default |   
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
|   1  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 0000:02:00.0     Off |                  N/A |   
|  0%   40C    P0    40W / 180W |      0MiB /  8113MiB |      0%      Default |   
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
                                                                              │
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+   
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |   
|  GPU       PID  Type  Process name                               Usage      |   
|=============================================================================|   
|    0     22932    C   python                                        8105MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 

我发表评论后gpu_options.allow_growth = True，我再次训练网络，一切正常。没有出现以下问题CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY。最后，运行了nvidia-smi命令，它得到：

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+   
| NVIDIA-SMI 367.27                 Driver Version: 367.27                            
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |  
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M.
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 0000:01:00.0     Off |                  N/A |   
| 40%   61C    P2    46W / 180W |   7793MiB /  8111MiB |     99%      Default |   
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
|   1  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 0000:02:00.0     Off |                  N/A |   
|  0%   40C    P0    40W / 180W |      0MiB /  8113MiB |      0%      Default |   
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+   
                                                                              │
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+   
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |   
|  GPU       PID  Type  Process name                               Usage      |   
|=============================================================================|   
|    0     22932    C   python                                        7791MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 

我对此有两个问题。为什么CUDA_OUT_OF_MEMORY出来后程序正常进行吗？为什么评论后内存占用变小了allow_growth = True.

如果它仍然与某人相关，我在第一次运行中止后尝试第二次运行 Keras/Tensorflow 时遇到了这个问题。看来GPU内存仍然被分配，因此不能再次分配。通过手动结束所有使用 GPU 的 python 进程，或者关闭现有终端并在新终端窗口中再次运行，解决了这个问题。