像这样的模式怎么样
CREATE TABLE employee
(
employeeid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
firstname varchar(255)
);
CREATE INDEX part_of_firstname ON employee (firstname(4));
这将使您可以使用自然主键相当快速地执行查找,同时为您提供人工主键并且不强制进行非规范化。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE EMPLOYEEID = 1 AND FIRSTNAME LIKE 'john%';
+----+-------------+----------+-------+---------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+---------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | employee | const | PRIMARY,part_of_firstname | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
+----+-------------+----------+-------+---------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
当然,由于主键的 0001 部分足够唯一来识别用户,因此您根本不需要查询名称。
如果你坚持预先计算这应该可行
CREATE TABLE employee
(
employeeid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
specialid VARCHAR(255),
firstname VARCHAR(255)
);
CREATE INDEX employee_specialid ON employee (firstname(4));
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE TRIGGER employeeid_trigger BEFORE insert ON employee
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SET new.specialid = CONCAT(LPAD((SELECT AUTO_INCREMENT FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'employee'), 4, '0'), SUBSTRING(new.firstname, 1, 4));
END
;;
DELIMITER ;
测试它:
mysql> insert into employee (firstname) values ('johnathan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> insert into employee (firstname) values ('johnathan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into employee (firstname) values ('johnathan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from employee;
+------------+-----------+-----------+
| employeeid | specialid | firstname |
+------------+-----------+-----------+
| 1 | 0001john | johnathan |
| 2 | 0002john | johnathan |
| 3 | 0003john | johnathan |
+------------+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这是一种黑客行为,并且 information_schema 在某些权限不受您控制的数据库上将不可用。