403 Java 禁止，但浏览器不禁止？

我正在编写一个小型 Java 程序来获取给定 Google 搜索词的结果数量。由于某种原因，在 Java 中我收到了 403 Forbidden，但我在 Web 浏览器中得到了正确的结果。代码：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;


public class DataGetter {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        getResultAmount("test");
    }

    private static int getResultAmount(String query) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new URL("https://www.google.com/search?q=" + query).openConnection()
                .getInputStream()));
        String line;
        String src = "";
        while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) {
            src += line;
        }
        System.out.println(src);
        return 1;
    }

}

和错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 403 for URL: https://www.google.com/search?q=test
    at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(Unknown Source)
    at DataGetter.getResultAmount(DataGetter.java:15)
    at DataGetter.main(DataGetter.java:10)

它为什么要这样做？

您只需要设置用户代理标头即可使其工作：

URLConnection connection = new URL("https://www.google.com/search?q=" + query).openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11");
connection.connect();

BufferedReader r  = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) {
    sb.append(line);
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());

从异常堆栈跟踪中可以看出，SSL 已为您透明处理。

不过，获取结果量并不是那么简单，之后您必须通过获取 cookie 并解析重定向令牌链接来假装您是浏览器。

String cookie = connection.getHeaderField( "Set-Cookie").split(";")[0];
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("content=\\\"0;url=(.*?)\\\"");
Matcher m = pattern.matcher(response);
if( m.find() ) {
    String url = m.group(1);
    connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
    connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11");
    connection.setRequestProperty("Cookie", cookie );
    connection.connect();
    r  = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
    sb = new StringBuilder();
    while ((line = r.readLine()) != null) {
        sb.append(line);
    }
    response = sb.toString();
    pattern = Pattern.compile("<div id=\"resultStats\">About ([0-9,]+) results</div>");
    m = pattern.matcher(response);
    if( m.find() ) {
        long amount = Long.parseLong(m.group(1).replaceAll(",", ""));
        return amount;
    }

}

Running 完整代码 I get 2930000000L因此。