Maven - 测试中的不同依赖版本

我遇到了类似的问题Maven 2 - 测试和编译中的不同依赖版本但那里指定的答案不起作用。

在我的项目中，我需要依赖 Hadoop 的 Cloudera 发行版和用于 JUnit 测试的“vanilla”版本，因为前者仅适用于 *nix。

当我尝试执行我的应用程序时，我得到Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/hadoop/conf/Configuration。当我从 Maven 或 Eclipse 运行 JUnit 测试时，一切正常。如果我注释掉test依赖项，应用程序成功运行。

为什么是compile当test依赖项未注释？

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-core</artifactId>
        <version>0.20.2-cdh3u2</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-test</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

mvn dependency:list如下所示。这compile范围版本根本不显示：

[INFO] The following files have been resolved:
[INFO]    ant:ant:jar:1.6.5:test
[INFO]    aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO]    asm:asm:jar:3.3.1:compile
[INFO]    cglib:cglib:jar:2.2.2:compile
[INFO]    ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.0.0:compile
[INFO]    ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.0.0:compile
[INFO]    com.google.guava:guava:jar:r08:compile
[INFO]    com.h2database:h2:jar:1.3.164:test
[INFO]    com.jolbox:bonecp:jar:0.7.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    com.sun.jersey:jersey-core:jar:1.11:test
[INFO]    commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:jar:1.7.0:test
[INFO]    commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils-core:jar:1.8.0:test
[INFO]    commons-cli:commons-cli:jar:1.2:test
[INFO]    commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.4:test
[INFO]    commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:test
[INFO]    commons-configuration:commons-configuration:jar:1.6:test
[INFO]    commons-digester:commons-digester:jar:1.8:test
[INFO]    commons-el:commons-el:jar:1.0:test
[INFO]    commons-httpclient:commons-httpclient:jar:3.0.1:test
[INFO]    commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:test
[INFO]    commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO]    commons-net:commons-net:jar:1.4.1:test
[INFO]    hsqldb:hsqldb:jar:1.8.0.10:test
[INFO]    junit:junit:jar:4.10:test
[INFO]    mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:5.1.18:compile
[INFO]    net.java.dev.jets3t:jets3t:jar:0.7.1:test
[INFO]    net.sf.kosmosfs:kfs:jar:0.3:test
[INFO]    org.apache.commons:commons-math:jar:2.1:test
[INFO]    org.apache.ftpserver:ftplet-api:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    org.apache.ftpserver:ftpserver-core:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    org.apache.ftpserver:ftpserver-deprecated:jar:1.0.0-M2:test
[INFO]    org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-core:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-test:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    org.apache.mina:mina-core:jar:2.0.0-M5:test
[INFO]    org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.0.1:test
[INFO]    org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.0.1:test
[INFO]    org.eclipse.jdt:core:jar:3.1.1:test
[INFO]    org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.1:test
[INFO]    org.liquibase:liquibase-core:jar:2.0.3:test
[INFO]    org.liquibase.ext:liquibase-slf4j:jar:0.0.1:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:jetty:jar:6.1.26:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-util:jar:6.1.26:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:jsp-2.1:jar:6.1.14:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:jsp-api-2.1:jar:6.1.14:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:servlet-api:jar:2.5-20081211:test
[INFO]    org.mortbay.jetty:servlet-api-2.5:jar:6.1.14:test
[INFO]    org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.6.4:compile
[INFO]    org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:jar:1.6.4:compile
[INFO]    org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.4:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:test
[INFO]    org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO]    org.springframework.data:spring-data-hadoop:jar:1.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT:c
ompile
[INFO]    oro:oro:jar:2.0.8:test
[INFO]    tomcat:jasper-compiler:jar:5.5.12:test
[INFO]    tomcat:jasper-runtime:jar:5.5.12:test
[INFO]    xmlenc:xmlenc:jar:0.52:test

您想要的内容对于 Maven 3 不再有效（这曾经对 Maven 2 有效）。 Maven 3 将尝试获取最近的依赖项，从而有效地确保编译和测试阶段仅使用编译或测试范围的依赖项之一。

在你的情况下org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-core:1.0.0:test覆盖org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-core:0.20.2-cdh3u2:compile因此成为最近的依赖项。运行时您可能会看到 Maven 显示以下警告mvn dependency:list目标，这暗示这是您的项目模型中的一个问题：

[警告]“dependency.dependency.(groupId:artifactId:type:classifier)”必须是 独特：org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-core:jar -> 版本 0.20.2-cdh3u2 与 1.0.0 @ 行 xyz，列 xyz

要“修复”此问题，最好将测试拆分为一个单独的项目，该项目的项目模型可以定义一组单独的测试依赖项。