我学习 Python 一段时间了,并且正在阅读 Python 速成课程教科书,以防万一您可能熟悉该文本中的练习。
第一个项目是《太空入侵者》的克隆版,到目前为止一直运行顺利。当我将外星人绘制到屏幕上时,我有一些代码可以检查窗口尺寸并将其与外星人和飞船的尺寸进行比较,以计算每行上应该出现多少个外星人以及可以有多少行是。据我所知,这也运行良好。
当我调用 create_fleet 函数时出现错误。创建舰队与几个函数一起工作,其中一个创建外星人的实例并使用 add() 函数将其添加到组中。这是代码和回溯。
def get_number_rows(settings, ship_height, alien_height):
available_space_y = (settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def get_number_aliens_x(settings, alien_width):
available_space_x = settings.screen_width - (alien_width * 2)
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (alien_width * 2))
return number_aliens_x
def create_alien(settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
alien = Alien(settings, screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height + row_number
aliens.add(alien) <-- Error refrenced here
def create_fleet(settings, screen, ship, aliens):
alien = Alien(settings, screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(settings, alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
alien = Alien(settings, screen)
create_alien(settings, screen, alien, alien_number, row_number) <-- In a loop
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/me/Desktop/Coding_Projects/Python_Space_Invaders/space_invaders.py", line 35, in <module>
run_game()
File "/Users/me/Desktop/Coding_Projects/Python_Space_Invaders/space_invaders.py", line 26, in run_game
gf.create_fleet(settings, screen, ship, aliens)
File "/Users/me/Desktop/Coding_Projects/Python_Space_Invaders/game_functions.py", line 90, in create_fleet
create_alien(settings, screen, alien, alien_number, row_number)
File "/Users/me/Desktop/Coding_Projects/Python_Space_Invaders/game_functions.py", line 81, in create_alien
aliens.add(alien)
File "/Users/me/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/pygame/sprite.py", line 142, in add
self.add(*group)
TypeError: add() argument after * must be an iterable, not Alien
现在,外星人是一个在包含游戏主循环的文件中声明的组(声明的是正确的词吗?有很多术语需要记住)
import sys
#sys is used to exit the game when the player quits
import pygame
#pygame contains all the functionality to make a game
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
def run_game():
pygame.init()
#Intialize pygame methods
pygame.display.set_caption("Space Invaders")
settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
#Creates a display window for the game
#The object screen is a surface. In pygame, a surface is a part of the -
#screen where a game element is displayed
ship = Ship(settings, screen)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group() #<--------- Right there
#Background color
gf.create_fleet(settings, screen, ship, aliens)
while True:
#Main loop of the game
gf.check_events(settings, screen, ship, bullets)
gf.update_events(settings, screen, ship)
ship.update()
bullets.update()
gf.update_bullets(bullets)
gf.update_screen(settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
run_game()
对于我的一生,我无法弄清楚将我的外星人类的几个实例添加到我的外星人组中会出现什么问题。回溯说它需要是可迭代的,但它is在 create_fleet() 中的双 for 循环中进行迭代。所以我不知道。
您可能不需要所有这些代码来解决我的问题,但我认为信息太多总比信息不够好。哦,这是 Alien() 类,以防万一您也需要它。
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self, settings, screen):
super(Alien, self).__init__()
self.settings = settings
self.screen = screen
self.image = pygame.image.load('Desktop/Coding_Projects/Python_Space_Invaders/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
感谢任何花时间浏览这个问题的人,我相信这对于经验丰富的程序员来说可能是显而易见的。