获取距离直线最近的点

我想要一个直接的 C# 函数来获取距离线段 AB 最近的点（从点 P）。抽象函数可能如下所示。我已经搜索过了，但没有找到可用的（由我）解决方案。

public Point getClosestPointFromLine(Point A, Point B, Point P);

这是伪装成伪代码的 Ruby，假设Point每个对象都有一个x and y field.

def GetClosestPoint(A, B, P)

  a_to_p = [P.x - A.x, P.y - A.y]     # Storing vector A->P
  a_to_b = [B.x - A.x, B.y - A.y]     # Storing vector A->B

  atb2 = a_to_b[0]**2 + a_to_b[1]**2  # **2 means "squared"
                                      #   Basically finding the squared magnitude
                                      #   of a_to_b

  atp_dot_atb = a_to_p[0]*a_to_b[0] + a_to_p[1]*a_to_b[1]
                                      # The dot product of a_to_p and a_to_b

  t = atp_dot_atb / atb2              # The normalized "distance" from a to
                                      #   your closest point

  return Point.new( :x => A.x + a_to_b[0]*t,
                    :y => A.y + a_to_b[1]*t )
                                      # Add the distance to A, moving
                                      #   towards B

end

或者：

From 线与线的交点，在维基百科。首先，找到 Q，这是从 P 沿“正确方向”迈出一步所得到的第二个点。这给了我们四点。

def getClosestPointFromLine(A, B, P)

  a_to_b = [B.x - A.x, B.y - A.y]   # Finding the vector from A to B
                                        This step can be combined with the next
  perpendicular = [ -a_to_b[1], a_to_b[0] ]
                                    # The vector perpendicular to a_to_b;
                                        This step can also be combined with the next

  Q = Point.new(:x => P.x + perpendicular[0], :y => P.y + perpendicular[1])
                                    # Finding Q, the point "in the right direction"
                                    # If you want a mess, you can also combine this
                                    # with the next step.

  return Point.new (:x => ((A.x*B.y - A.y*B.x)*(P.x - Q.x) - (A.x-B.x)*(P.x*Q.y - P.y*Q.x)) / ((A.x - B.x)*(P.y-Q.y) - (A.y - B.y)*(P.y-Q.y)),
                    :y => ((A.x*B.y - A.y*B.x)*(P.y - Q.y) - (A.y-B.y)*(P.x*Q.y - P.y*Q.x)) / ((A.x - B.x)*(P.y-Q.y) - (A.y - B.y)*(P.y-Q.y)) )

end

出于性能原因，可以进行缓存、跳过步骤等。