FreeBSD zfs文件系统下跑bhyve虚拟机，使用简单且稳定高效，今天新装一个n3450的小主机（省电），此简单记录下vm-bhyve工具的使用。
1,安装
a，更改源，将pkg源改为163
root@server:~ # cat /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf
# $FreeBSD$
#
# To disable this repository, instead of modifying or removing this file,
# create a /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf file:
#
# mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos
# echo "FreeBSD: { enabled: no }" > /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf
#
FreeBSD: {
# url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/quarterly",
url: "pkg+http://mirrors.163.com/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly",
mirror_type: "srv",
signature_type: "fingerprints",
fingerprints: "/usr/share/keys/pkg",
enabled: yes
}
root@server:~ # pkg update
The package management tool is not yet installed on your system.
Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y
Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://mirrors.163.com/freebsd-pkg/FreeBSD:13:amd64/quarterly, please wait...
Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done
Installing pkg-1.17.5_1...
Extracting pkg-1.17.5_1: 100%
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.conf: 100% 163 B 0.2kB/s 00:01
Fetching packagesite.pkg: 100% 6 MiB 50.3kB/s 02:14
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31192 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
b，安装vm-bhyve
root@server:~ # pkg install -y vm-bhyve-1.4.2 grub2-bhyve-0.40_8 bhyve-rc-3 bhyve-firmware-1.0_1 bhyve+-0.1.0
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 10 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
bhyve+: 0.1.0
bhyve-firmware: 1.0_1
bhyve-rc: 3
ca_root_nss: 3.76
grub2-bhyve: 0.40_8
libevent: 2.1.12
tmux: 3.2a
uefi-edk2-bhyve: g20210226,2
uefi-edk2-bhyve-csm: 0.2_3,1
vm-bhyve: 1.4.2
Number of packages to be installed: 10
2,配置
a,创建目录
root@server:~ # zfs create zroot/vm
root@server:~ # zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zroot 1012M 456G 96K /zroot
zroot/ROOT 1009M 456G 96K none
zroot/ROOT/default 1009M 456G 1009M /
zroot/tmp 888K 456G 888K /tmp
zroot/usr 416K 456G 96K /usr
zroot/usr/home 128K 456G 128K /usr/home
zroot/usr/ports 96K 456G 96K /usr/ports
zroot/usr/src 96K 456G 96K /usr/src
zroot/var 644K 456G 96K /var
zroot/var/audit 96K 456G 96K /var/audit
zroot/var/crash 96K 456G 96K /var/crash
zroot/var/log 164K 456G 164K /var/log
zroot/var/mail 96K 456G 96K /var/mail
zroot/var/tmp 96K 456G 96K /var/tmp
zroot/vm 96K 456G 96K /zroot/vm
b,配置文件
root@server:~ # echo "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
root@server:~ # cat /etc/rc.conf
clear_tmp_enable="YES"
hostname="server"
ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.1.252 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="192.168.1.3"
sshd_enable="YES"
ntpdate_enable="YES"
ntpd_enable="YES"
powerd_enable="YES"
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
dumpdev="AUTO"
zfs_enable="YES"
ntpdate_program="ntpdate"
ntpdate_flags="210.72.145.44"
vm_enable="YES" #启动vm
vm_dir="zfs:zroot/vm" #目录为创建的zfs目录
root@server:~ # reboot #重启下
c,复制模板
root@server:/zroot/vm # cp -R /usr/local/share/examples/vm-bhyve/* /zroot/vm/.templates/
d，创建一个switch
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm switch create public
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm switch add public re0
root@server:/zroot/vm # ifconfig -a
re0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
options=8209b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_MAGIC,LINKSTATE>
ether 00:e2:69:3c:1c:4e
inet 192.168.1.252 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384
options=680003<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,LINKSTATE,RXCSUM_IPV6,TXCSUM_IPV6>
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
groups: lo
nd6 options=21<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
vm-public: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether ea:9d:fb:b8:91:52
id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15
maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 2000 timeout 1200
root id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 ifcost 0 port 0
member: re0 flags=143<LEARNING,DISCOVER,AUTOEDGE,AUTOPTP>
ifmaxaddr 0 port 1 priority 128 path cost 200000
groups: bridge vm-switch viid-4c918@
nd6 options=9<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED>
以上步骤环境配置完成，即可安装虚拟及。
3,安装系统
a,安装linux
将iso文件上传到/zroot/vm/.iso目录下，查看有哪些模板
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # pwd
/zroot/vm/.iso
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # ls
alpine-virt-3.16.0-x86_64.iso centos7.iso fb13.raw
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # ls ../.templates/
alpine.conf centos7.conf debian.conf freebsd-zvol.conf netbsd.conf ubuntu.conf
arch.conf config.sample default.conf freepbx.conf openbsd.conf windows.conf
centos6.conf coreos.conf dragonfly.conf linux-zvol.conf resflash.conf
本处以alpine为例：
创建一个alpine，硬盘50G，名称为alpinetem
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm create -t centos7 -s 50G alpinetem
可以通过vm list获取配置或者直接查看
root@server:/zroot/vm # pwd;ls
/zroot/vm
.config .img .iso .templates alpinetem
可以通过修改alpinetem/alinetem.conf更改配置，也可以使用vm config apinetem修改配置文件。
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm config alpinetem
loader="uefi"
graphics="yes"
xhci_mouse="yes"
cpu=2
memory=2512M
network0_type="virtio-net"
network0_switch="public"
disk0_type="virtio-blk"
disk0_name="disk0.img"
uuid="474169ff-de42-11ec-a308-00e2693c1c4e"
network0_mac="58:9c:fc:0f:22:cd"
通过vm config更改为2cpu 2512M memory的主机
安装alpine
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm install alpinetem alpine-virt-3.16.0-x86_64.iso
Starting alpinetem
* found guest in /zroot/vm/alpinetem
* booting...
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm list
NAME DATASTORE LOADER CPU MEMORY VNC AUTOSTART STATE
alpinetem default uefi 2 2512M 0.0.0.0:5900 No Running (5147)
通过vnc连接控制台安装即可
lee@rock-3a:~/S02$ vncviewer 192.168.1.252:5900
TigerVNC Viewer 64-bit v1.9.0
Built on: 2020-09-29 18:21
Copyright (C) 1999-2018 TigerVNC Team and many others (see README.rst)
See http://www.tigervnc.org for information on TigerVNC.
Sat May 28 12:55:03 2022
DecodeManager: Detected 4 CPU core(s)
DecodeManager: Creating 4 decoder thread(s)
CConn: connected to host 192.168.1.252 port 5900
CConnection: Server supports RFB protocol version 3.8
CConnection: Using RFB protocol version 3.8
CConnection: Choosing security type None(1)
CConn: Using pixel format depth 24 (32bpp) little-endian rgb888
CConn: Using Tight encoding
4,其他应用
a,clone
将安装的系统做为模板，进行克隆
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm list
NAME DATASTORE LOADER CPU MEMORY VNC AUTOSTART STATE
alpinetem default uefi 2 2512M - No Stopped
fb13 default bhyveload 1 256M - No Stopped
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm clone alpinetem alpine
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso # vm list
NAME DATASTORE LOADER CPU MEMORY VNC AUTOSTART STATE
alpine default uefi 2 2512M - No Stopped
alpinetem default uefi 2 2512M - No Stopped
fb13 default bhyveload 1 256M - No Stopped
root@server:/zroot/vm/.iso #
b，snapshot
想给当前虚拟机做一个快照，可以使用snapshot
开机
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm start alpine
Starting alpine
* found guest in /zroot/vm/alpine
* booting...
在主机中创建文件并关机
lee@rock-3a:~/S02$ ssh lee@192.168.1.94 #登录到主机
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.94 (192.168.1.94)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Gzmb0PVSqutWMgIVU6fzccnFJ+GQ422Lk9QmB7H/mIM.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.94' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
lee@192.168.1.94's password:
Welcome to Alpine!
localhost:~$ echo "This is a test file">1.txt
localhost:~$ ls
1.txt
localhost:~$ echo "This is a test file">1.txt
localhost:~$ ls
1.txt
localhost:~# halt #关机
localhost:~# Connection to 192.168.1.94 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.1.94 closed.
创建snapshot
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm snapshot alpine alpine@20001554
root@server:/zroot/vm # zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zroot/vm/alpine@2022-05-28-15:54:46 0B - 249M -
zroot/vm/alpinetem@e17efe49 0B - 249M -
开机并删除1.txt
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm start alpine
Starting alpine
* found guest in /zroot/vm/alpine
* booting...
root@server:/zroot/vm # ssh lee@192.168.1.94
localhost:~$ ls
1.txt
localhost:~$ rm 1.txt
localhost:~$ su -
Password:
localhost:~# halt
localhost:~# Connection to 192.168.1.94 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.1.94 closed.
回滚
root@server:/zroot/vm # vm rollback alpine@2022-05-28-15:54:46
开机验证
root@server:/zroot/vm # ssh lee@192.168.1.94
localhost:~$ ls
1.txt
localhost:~$ cat 1.txt
This is a test file
5,开机启动
开机启动直接加入rc.conf即可，例如：
root@power:~ # cat /etc/rc.conf
hostname="power"
vm_enable="YES"
vm_dir="zfs:zroot/vm"
ntpdate_enable="YES"
ntpdate_program="ntpdate"
ntpdate_flags="210.72.145.44"
vm_list="win10 alpine" #开机自启列表，以空格隔开
vm_delay="10" #启动间隔
后记：
vm-bhyve是一个脚本，更多信息可以参看man vm和vm的官方github https://github.com/churchers/vm-bhyve
一个方便操作vm的工具，可以让我们更容易使用vm。
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