如何使用 MediaStore 在 Android Q 中保存图像？

这是新 Android Q 的链接范围存储.

根据这个 Android 开发者最佳实践博客, storing shared media files（这是我的情况）应该使用媒体商店 API.

深入研究文档，我找不到相关的功能。

这是我在 Kotlin 中的试用：

val bitmap = getImageBitmap() // I have a bitmap from a function or callback or whatever
val name = "example.png" // I have a name

val picturesDirectory = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)!!

// Make sure the directory "Android/data/com.mypackage.etc/files/Pictures" exists
if (!picturesDirectory.exists()) {
    picturesDirectory.mkdirs()
}

try {
    val out = FileOutputStream(File(picturesDirectory, name))
    bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out)

    out.flush()
    out.close()

} catch(e: Exception) {
    // handle the error
}

结果是我的图片保存在这里Android/data/com.mypackage.etc/files/Pictures/example.png正如最佳实践博客中所述Storing app-internal files

我的问题是：

如何使用 MediaStore API 保存图像？ Java 中的答案同样可以接受。

EDIT

但还有3点。

这是我的代码：

val name = "Myimage"
val relativeLocation = Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES + File.pathSeparator + "AppName"

val contentValues  = ContentValues().apply {
    put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
    put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/png")

    // without this part causes "Failed to create new MediaStore record" exception to be invoked (uri is null below)
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
        put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, relativeLocation)
    }
}

val contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
var stream: OutputStream? = null
var uri: Uri? = null

try {
    uri = contentResolver.insert(contentUri, contentValues)
    if (uri == null)
    {
        throw IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.")
    }

    stream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uri)

    if (stream == null)
    {
        throw IOException("Failed to get output stream.")
    }

    if (!bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, stream))
    {
        throw IOException("Failed to save bitmap.")
    }


    Snackbar.make(mCoordinator, R.string.image_saved_success, Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE).setAction("Open") {
        val intent = Intent()
        intent.type = "image/*"
        intent.action = Intent.ACTION_VIEW
        intent.data = contentUri
        startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Gallery App"))
    }.show()

} catch(e: IOException) {
    if (uri != null)
    {
        contentResolver.delete(uri, null, null)
    }

    throw IOException(e)

}
finally {
    stream?.close()
}

1-保存的图像没有正确的名称“Myimage.png”

我尝试使用“Myimage”和“Myimage.PNG”，但都不起作用。

图像的名称始终由数字组成，例如：

1563468625314.jpg

这给我们带来了第二个问题：

2-图像另存为jpg即使我以以下格式压缩位图png.

不是什么大问题。只是好奇为什么。

3-relativeLocation 位会在低于 Android Q 的设备上导致异常。 在使用“Android Version Check”if语句后，图像将直接保存在根目录中Pictures folder.

EDIT 2

变成：

uri = contentResolver.insert(contentUri, contentValues)
if (uri == null)
{
    throw IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.")
}

val cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null)
DatabaseUtils.dumpCursor(cursor)
cursor!!.close()

stream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uri)

这是日志

I/System.out: >>>>> Dumping cursor android.content.ContentResolver$CursorWrapperInner@76da9d1
I/System.out: 0 {
I/System.out:    _id=25417
I/System.out:    _data=/storage/emulated/0/Pictures/1563640732667.jpg
I/System.out:    _size=null
I/System.out:    _display_name=Myimage
I/System.out:    mime_type=image/png
I/System.out:    title=1563640732667
I/System.out:    date_added=1563640732
I/System.out:    is_hdr=null
I/System.out:    date_modified=null
I/System.out:    description=null
I/System.out:    picasa_id=null
I/System.out:    isprivate=null
I/System.out:    latitude=null
I/System.out:    longitude=null
I/System.out:    datetaken=null
I/System.out:    orientation=null
I/System.out:    mini_thumb_magic=null
I/System.out:    bucket_id=-1617409521
I/System.out:    bucket_display_name=Pictures
I/System.out:    width=null
I/System.out:    height=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_privacy=null
I/System.out:    hw_voice_offset=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_favorite=null
I/System.out:    hw_image_refocus=null
I/System.out:    album_sort_index=null
I/System.out:    bucket_display_name_alias=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_burst=0
I/System.out:    hw_rectify_offset=null
I/System.out:    special_file_type=0
I/System.out:    special_file_offset=null
I/System.out:    cam_perception=null
I/System.out:    cam_exif_flag=null
I/System.out: }
I/System.out: <<<<<

我注意到title为了匹配名称，所以我尝试添加：

put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.TITLE, name)

它仍然不起作用，这是新日志：

I/System.out: >>>>> Dumping cursor android.content.ContentResolver$CursorWrapperInner@51021a5
I/System.out: 0 {
I/System.out:    _id=25418
I/System.out:    _data=/storage/emulated/0/Pictures/1563640934803.jpg
I/System.out:    _size=null
I/System.out:    _display_name=Myimage
I/System.out:    mime_type=image/png
I/System.out:    title=Myimage
I/System.out:    date_added=1563640934
I/System.out:    is_hdr=null
I/System.out:    date_modified=null
I/System.out:    description=null
I/System.out:    picasa_id=null
I/System.out:    isprivate=null
I/System.out:    latitude=null
I/System.out:    longitude=null
I/System.out:    datetaken=null
I/System.out:    orientation=null
I/System.out:    mini_thumb_magic=null
I/System.out:    bucket_id=-1617409521
I/System.out:    bucket_display_name=Pictures
I/System.out:    width=null
I/System.out:    height=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_privacy=null
I/System.out:    hw_voice_offset=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_favorite=null
I/System.out:    hw_image_refocus=null
I/System.out:    album_sort_index=null
I/System.out:    bucket_display_name_alias=null
I/System.out:    is_hw_burst=0
I/System.out:    hw_rectify_offset=null
I/System.out:    special_file_type=0
I/System.out:    special_file_offset=null
I/System.out:    cam_perception=null
I/System.out:    cam_exif_flag=null
I/System.out: }
I/System.out: <<<<<

而我却无法改变date_added到一个名字。

And MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA已弃用。

尝试下一个方法。 Android Q（及更高版本）已经负责创建文件夹（如果它们不存在）。该示例被硬编码为输出到DCIM文件夹。如果您需要子文件夹，请附加子文件夹名称，如下所示：

final String relativeLocation = Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM + File.separator + “YourSubforderName”;

考虑压缩格式应该与mime-type参数相关。例如，对于 JPEG 压缩格式，mime 类型将为“image/jpeg”，依此类推。也许您可能还想将压缩质量作为参数传递，在本例中硬编码为 95。

Java:

@NonNull
public Uri saveBitmap(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final Bitmap bitmap,
                      @NonNull final Bitmap.CompressFormat format,
                      @NonNull final String mimeType,
                      @NonNull final String displayName) throws IOException {

    final ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
    values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, displayName);
    values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, mimeType);
    values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM);

    final ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
    Uri uri = null;

    try {
        final Uri contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
        uri = resolver.insert(contentUri, values);

        if (uri == null)
            throw new IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.");

        try (final OutputStream stream = resolver.openOutputStream(uri)) {
            if (stream == null)
                throw new IOException("Failed to open output stream.");
         
            if (!bitmap.compress(format, 95, stream))
                throw new IOException("Failed to save bitmap.");
        }

        return uri;
    }
    catch (IOException e) {

        if (uri != null) {
            // Don't leave an orphan entry in the MediaStore
            resolver.delete(uri, null, null);
        }

        throw e;
    }
}

Kotlin:

@Throws(IOException::class)
fun saveBitmap(
    context: Context, bitmap: Bitmap, format: Bitmap.CompressFormat,
    mimeType: String, displayName: String
): Uri {

    val values = ContentValues().apply {
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, displayName)
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, mimeType)
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM)
    }

    val resolver = context.contentResolver
    var uri: Uri? = null

    try {
        uri = resolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values)
            ?: throw IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.")

        resolver.openOutputStream(uri)?.use {
            if (!bitmap.compress(format, 95, it))
                throw IOException("Failed to save bitmap.")
        } ?: throw IOException("Failed to open output stream.")

        return uri

    } catch (e: IOException) {

        uri?.let { orphanUri ->
            // Don't leave an orphan entry in the MediaStore
            resolver.delete(orphanUri, null, null)
        }

        throw e
    }
}

Kotlin 变体，具有更实用的风格：

@Throws(IOException::class)
fun saveBitmap(
    context: Context, bitmap: Bitmap, format: Bitmap.CompressFormat,
    mimeType: String, displayName: String
): Uri {

    val values = ContentValues().apply {
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, displayName)
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, mimeType)
        put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM)
    }

    var uri: Uri? = null

    return runCatching {
        with(context.contentResolver) {
            insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values)?.also {
                uri = it // Keep uri reference so it can be removed on failure

                openOutputStream(it)?.use { stream ->
                    if (!bitmap.compress(format, 95, stream))
                        throw IOException("Failed to save bitmap.")
                } ?: throw IOException("Failed to open output stream.")

            } ?: throw IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.")
        }
    }.getOrElse {
        uri?.let { orphanUri ->
            // Don't leave an orphan entry in the MediaStore
            context.contentResolver.delete(orphanUri, null, null)
        }

        throw it
    }
}