RxJava：“java.lang.IllegalStateException：仅允许一名订阅者！”

我正在使用 RxJava 来计算 Android 中某些传感器数据的归一化自相关性。奇怪的是，我的代码抛出一个异常（“java.lang.IllegalStateException：只允许一个订阅者！”），我不确定该怎么做：我知道 GroupedObservables 在订阅我的多个订阅者时可能会抛出此异常，但是我不认为我在任何地方使用这样的东西。

下面您可以找到（最有可能）触发异常的方法：

public Observable<Float> normalizedAutoCorrelation(Observable<Float> observable, final int lag) {
    Observable<Float> laggedObservable = observable.skip(lag);

    Observable<Float> meanObservable = mean(observable, lag);
    Observable<Float> laggedMeanObservable = mean(laggedObservable, lag);

    Observable<Float> standardDeviationObservable = standardDeviation(observable, meanObservable, lag);
    Observable<Float> laggedStandardDeviationObservable = standardDeviation(laggedObservable, laggedMeanObservable, lag);

    Observable<Float> deviation = observable.zipWith(meanObservable, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
        @Override
        public Float call(Float value, Float mean) {
            return value - mean;
        }
    });

    Observable<Float> laggedDeviation = observable.zipWith(laggedMeanObservable, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
        @Override
        public Float call(Float value, Float mean) {
            return value - mean;
        }
    });

    Observable<Float> autoCorrelationPartObservable = deviation.zipWith(laggedDeviation, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
        @Override
        public Float call(Float value, Float laggedValue) {
            return value * laggedValue;
        }
    });

    Observable<Float> autoCorrelationObservable = flatten(autoCorrelationPartObservable.window(lag, 1).scan(new Func2<Observable<Float>, Observable<Float>, Observable<Float>>() {
        @Override
        public Observable<Float> call(Observable<Float> memoObservable, Observable<Float> observable) {
            if(memoObservable == null) return observable;

            return memoObservable.zipWith(observable, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
                @Override
                public Float call(Float memo, Float value) {
                    return memo + value;
                }
            });
        }
    }));

    Observable<Float> normalizationObservable = standardDeviationObservable.zipWith(laggedStandardDeviationObservable, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
        @Override
        public Float call(Float standardDeviation, Float laggedStandardDeviation) {
            return lag * standardDeviation * laggedStandardDeviation;
        }
    });

    return autoCorrelationObservable.zipWith(normalizationObservable, new Func2<Float, Float, Float>() {
        @Override
        public Float call(Float autoCorrelation, Float normalization) {
            return autoCorrelation / normalization;
        }
    });
}

这是我得到的堆栈跟踪：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Only one subscriber allowed!
at rx.internal.operators.BufferUntilSubscriber$OnSubscribeAction.call(BufferUntilSubscriber.java:124)
at rx.internal.operators.BufferUntilSubscriber$OnSubscribeAction.call(BufferUntilSubscriber.java:81)
at rx.Observable.unsafeSubscribe(Observable.java:7304)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$Zip.start(OperatorZip.java:210)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$ZipSubscriber.onNext(OperatorZip.java:154)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$ZipSubscriber.onNext(OperatorZip.java:120)
at rx.internal.util.ScalarSynchronousObservable$1.call(ScalarSynchronousObservable.java:41)
at rx.internal.util.ScalarSynchronousObservable$1.call(ScalarSynchronousObservable.java:30)
at rx.Observable$1.call(Observable.java:145)
at rx.Observable$1.call(Observable.java:137)
at rx.Observable.unsafeSubscribe(Observable.java:7304)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMerge$MergeSubscriber.handleNewSource(OperatorMerge.java:188)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMerge$MergeSubscriber.onNext(OperatorMerge.java:158)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMerge$MergeSubscriber.onNext(OperatorMerge.java:93)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMap$1.onNext(OperatorMap.java:55)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorScan$2.onNext(OperatorScan.java:110)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorWindowWithSize$InexactSubscriber.onNext(OperatorWindowWithSize.java:173)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$Zip.tick(OperatorZip.java:255)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$Zip$InnerSubscriber.onNext(OperatorZip.java:326)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$Zip.tick(OperatorZip.java:255)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorZip$Zip$InnerSubscriber.onNext(OperatorZip.java:326)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMerge$InnerSubscriber.emit(OperatorMerge.java:635)
at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMerge$InnerSubscriber.onNext(OperatorMerge.java:545)
  at rx.internal.operators.NotificationLite.accept(NotificationLite.java:150)
  at rx.internal.operators.TakeLastQueueProducer.emit(TakeLastQueueProducer.java:98)
  at rx.internal.operators.TakeLastQueueProducer.startEmitting(TakeLastQueueProducer.java:45)
  at rx.internal.operators.OperatorTakeLast$1.onCompleted(OperatorTakeLast.java:59)
  at rx.internal.operators.OperatorScan$2.onCompleted(OperatorScan.java:121)
  at rx.internal.operators.BufferUntilSubscriber.onCompleted(BufferUntilSubscriber.java:161)
  at rx.internal.operators.OperatorWindowWithSize$InexactSubscriber.onNext(OperatorWindowWithSize.java:183)
  at rx.internal.operators.OperatorSkip$1.onNext(OperatorSkip.java:58)
  at rx.internal.operators.OperatorMap$1.onNext(OperatorMap.java:55)
  at rx.subjects.SubjectSubscriptionManager$SubjectObserver.onNext(SubjectSubscriptionManager.java:224)
  at rx.subjects.PublishSubject.onNext(PublishSubject.java:121)
  at com.github.joopaue.smartphonesensing.SensorService$3.onSensorChanged(SensorService.java:102)
  at android.hardware.SystemSensorManager$SensorEventQueue.dispatchSensorEvent(SystemSensorManager.java:418)
  at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
  at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:138)
  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5146)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:732)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:566)
  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

我不认为我在这里做了任何奇怪的事情：一些压缩、缩小、扫描和平面图。

我是否遗漏了一些完全明显的东西，是否有一些我在这里违反的隐藏规则，或者它是 RxJava 中的错误？谢谢！

附言。如果缺少一些代码让您无法得出结论，请询问，我会发布！

在 RxJava 中，运算符groupBy and window返回只能订阅一次的可观察对象，如果订阅，它们会将累积的内容重播给唯一订阅者并切换到“热”模式。

这是返回完全热的可观察值和丢失值的风险之间的权衡，或者返回允许任何订阅者但无限期保留累积内容的无限重放可观察值之间的权衡。

中间立场，即单个订阅者，冷热可观察被认为是最不令人惊讶的行为，并且使开发人员可以选择应用更多运算符并在两个极端之间选择任意点：

source.window(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .map(w -> w.publish())
    .doOnNext(w -> w.connect())
    .subscribe(...)

source.window(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .map(w -> w.cache())
    .subscribe(...)