这个错误的解决办法很简单，首先我们来了解一下为什么会出现这个错误。其根本原因有两个：
1) 您的数据库和服务名称在 Oracle 环境中未正确设置，它应该在各处相同，检查以下参数值
-ORACLE_SID in oracle environment.
-SID_NAME in tnsnames.ora file.
-SERVICE_NAME in listener.ora file.
2) 主机名/IP 地址缺失、不正确或拼写错误，因此请检查以下内容。
-Check the IP ADDRESS in /etc/hosts file.
-It should be same in listener.ora and tnsnames.ora file
-And it should be able to ping from the local and remote server.
现在看看我也遇到了同样的问题并解决了：
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 22:52:29 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 970895360 bytes
Fixed Size 1340636 bytes
Variable Size 713034532 bytes
Database Buffers 251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers 4861952 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 22:54:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
LSNRCTL> LSNRCTL> start
Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2017 22:55:43
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 23 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> [oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl
[oracle@OLE1 Desktop]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1 )(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/oracle/app/oracle
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 22:57:14
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:01:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL> reload
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2017 22:55:43
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 37 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2017 23:03:10
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 21 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:04:37 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
ORCL
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ ping ole1
PING ole1 (192.168.244.128) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- ole1 ping statistics ---
14 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 13710ms
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
Note:现在我在这里发现 IP 地址配置问题，它无法 ping 通，所以我对 VMware 机器中操作系统的 eth1 驱动程序进行了一些更改。
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ ping ole1
PING ole1 (192.168.244.128) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.187 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=4.96 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.121 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms
64 bytes from ole1 (192.168.244.128): icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.126 ms
^C
--- ole1 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 6996ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.082/0.905/4.963/1.668 ms
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:09:37
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2017 23:09:45
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL>
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2017 23:09:45
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 17 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/OLE1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 13 00:15:48 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 admin]$
现在它对我来说运行良好，我希望它能有所帮助。
Thanks!
