如何搜索整个xml文件中的特定文本模式,然后用 Python 3.5 中的新文本模式替换该文本的每次出现?
其他所有内容(格式、属性、注释等)都需要保持原始 xml 文件中的原样。
我在 Windows (win32) 上运行 Python 3.5.1。
具体来说,我想用“THIS WORKED”替换每次出现的“FEATURE NAME”,并将每次出现的“FEATURE NUMBER”替换为“12345”。
我一直在尝试学习 Python 和 xml.etree.ElementTree 但无法弄清楚这一点。我已经看过“在 Python 中搜索和替换 .xml 文件中的行”、“在 Python 中搜索和替换文件中的行”和“如何使用 Python 搜索和替换文件中的文本?”以及该网站上的其他现有问答,但无法弄清楚这一点 - 我不是经验丰富的程序员,因此如果需要更多输入,请告诉我。非常感谢您的帮助!
下面是我在记事本中打开 xml 代码时的样子(除了我添加了空格来缩进每行,并在将其粘贴到这个问题中时按回车键对某些行进行回车):
<description-topic>
<access-info>
<index-term-set>
<index-term>
<primary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>FEATURE NAME</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>Common features</primary>
<secondary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</secondary>
</index-term>
</index-term-set>
</access-info>
<title>FEATURE NUMBER - FEATURE NAME</title>
<block>
<label>Platform</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: I guessed at the FEATURE NAME</comment>
<para>
This feature applies to the following platforms: FEATURE NAME<!--Check the values--></para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Feature Benefits</label>
<para>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What do we put here? See template (link given in review email) for more information.</comment>
</para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Dependencies</label>
<para/>
<subblock>
<label>Features</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Hardware</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
<para>This feature applies to the following: FEATURE NUMBER and text.</para><?Pub Caret -1?>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Dependencies outside the eNodeB</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Impacts</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What FEATURE NUMBER do we put here?</comment>
<para>
<comment/>
</para>
</block>
</description-topic>
这是我试图开始工作的最新代码:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et
tree = et.parse('Atemplate2.xml')
tree.find('description-topic/access-info/index-term-set/index-term/primary/').text = '12345'
tree.write('Atemplate2.xml')
我收到以下错误:
回溯(最近一次调用最后一次):
文件“ajktest18.py”,第 15 行,位于
tree.find('描述主题/access-info/index-term-set/index-term/primary/').text = '12345'
AttributeError:“NoneType”对象没有属性“text”
我希望能够搜索和修改整个文件中的任何出现的地方,但我不知道如何找到我正在搜索的文本的一个特定出现位置。
这是我尝试用来查找路径的代码:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('Atemplate.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag, root.attrib, root.text)
for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib, child.text)
for label in root.iter('label'):
print(label.tag, label.attrib, label.text)
for title in root.iter('title'):
print(title.attrib)
我还尝试了以下代码:
with open('Atemplate2.xml') as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '12345')
except AttributeError:
pass
tree.write('output.xml')
但这给出了以下错误:
File "<pyshell#40>", line 2, in <module>
tree = ET.parse(f)
File "C:\MyPath\Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1182, in parse
tree.parse(source, parser)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 594, in parse
self._root = parser._parse_whole(source)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 23, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,self.errors,decoding_table)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError:“charmap”编解码器无法解码位置 1119 中的字节 0x9d:字符映射到
#
#
最终更新 - 这是最终对我有用的代码(谢谢你,Jarad!):
import lxml.etree as ET
#using lxml instead of xml preserved the comments
#adding the encoding when the file is opened and written is needed to avoid a charmap error
with open('filename.xml', encoding="utf8") as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '123456')
except AttributeError:
pass
#tree.write('output.xml', encoding="utf8")
# Adding the xml_declaration and method helped keep the header info at the top of the file.
tree.write('output.xml', xml_declaration=True, method='xml', encoding="utf8")