我之前找到的以前的答案都不适合我，但我最终在之前未提到的另一个答案的帮助下找到了答案。这是实际的修复：https://stackoverflow.com/a/20740964/2934226
CPPFLAGS 和 LDFLAGS 基本上不能在环境中设置；您需要将它们与配置命令一起设置，如下所示：
./configure CPPFLAGS="-I[openSSL install location]/include" LDFLAGS="-L[openSSL install location]/lib" [other flags here]
然后编译安装后，就成功了！
$ python3 -c "import ssl; print(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"
OpenSSL 1.0.2l 25 May 2017
以下是不起作用的事情以及原因：
如何使用自定义 OpenSSL 编译 Python 3.4？没有帮助，因为您无法在环境中设置 LDFLAGS、CFLAGS 或 CPPFLAGS； setup.py 不会将它们传递到实际的编译步骤。即使设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 可能有效，您也不想这样做，因为它很危险（请参阅http://xahlee.info/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html）。最后， --with-ssl 不是有效的配置参数，并且其中列出的用于添加它的补丁不能完全应用。
Homebrew 拒绝链接 OpenSSL当您尝试从源代码构建某些内容，而不是尝试获取已编译的 dylib 来查找重新定位的库时，则不适用。此外，在 /usr/local 中创建符号链接是危险的，并且可能导致程序针对较新的标头进行编译，但使用较旧的系统二进制文件。
如何在 MacOS 上的 python 构建中包含 ssl无法正常工作。编辑 setup.py 以添加 lib 并包含安装 openSSL 的目录部分地有效，并允许您在 SSL 支持中进行编译。唉，它们不可导入，因为旧版本仍在使用：
Following modules built successfully but were removed because they could not be imported:
_hashlib _ssl
[...]
building '_ssl' extension
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include/ -I./Include -I/oebuild/python/python-3.6.1/include -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Include -I/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1 -c /oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_ssl.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_ssl.o
gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_ssl.o -L/oebuild/python/python-3.6.1/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin.so
building '_hashlib' extension
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include/ -I./Include -I/oebuild/python/python-3.6.1/include -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Include -I/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1 -c /oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_hashopenssl.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_hashopenssl.o
gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/oebuild/python/src/Python-3.6.1/Modules/_hashopenssl.o -L/oebuild/python/python-3.6.1/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_hashlib.cpython-36m-darwin.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_ssl" since importing it failed: dlopen(build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _CRYPTO_THREADID_set_callback
Referenced from: build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_hashlib" since importing it failed: dlopen(build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_hashlib.cpython-36m-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _HMAC_CTX_copy
Referenced from: build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_hashlib.cpython-36m-darwin.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_hashlib.cpython-36m-darwin.so
otool -L显示问题：
$ otool -L build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin_failed.so
build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-3.6/_ssl.cpython-36m-darwin_failed.so:
/usr/lib/libssl.0.9.8.dylib (compatibility version 0.9.8, current version 0.9.8)
/usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.8.dylib (compatibility version 0.9.8, current version 0.9.8)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1226.10.1)
（CRYPTO_THREADID是在1.0.0版本中引入的，根据https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Manual:Threads(3)#HISTORY)
