一、SpringBoot简介
1.入门案例
SpringMVC的HelloWord程序大家还记得吗?
入门案例开发步骤
①:创建新模块,选择Spring初始化,并配置模块相关基础信息
②:选择当前模块需要使用的技术集
③:开发控制器类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
System.out.println("id ==> " + id);
return "hello , spring boot! ";
}
}
④:运行自动生成的Application类
最简SpringBoot程序所包含的基础文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-01-quickstart</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
Spring程序与SpringBoot程序对比
注意事项:
基于idea开发SpringBoot程序需要确保联网且能够加载到程序框架结构
1.SpringBoot概述
起步依赖
starter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-01-quickstart</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
...
</properties>
</project>
parent
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
...
</project>
实际开发
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
辅助功能
@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot01QuickstartApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Springboot01QuickstartApplication.class, args);
}
}
- SpringBoot在创建时,采用jar的打包方式
- SpringBoot的引导类是项目的入口,运行main方法就可以启动项目
- 使用maven依赖管理变更起步依赖依赖项
- Jetty比TomCat更轻量级,可扩展性更强
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<!--web起步依赖环境中,排除Tomcat起步依赖-->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--添加Jetty起步依赖,版本由SpringBoot的starter控制-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
二、基础配置
1.修改服务器端口
http://localhost:8080/books/1 >>> http://localhost/books/1
application.properties
server.port=80
application.yml
server:
port: 81
application.yaml
server:
port: 82
2.SpringBoot配置文件加载顺序
注意事项:
-
SpringBoot核心配置文件名为application
-
SpringBoot内置属性过多,且所有属性集中在一起修改,在使用时,通过提示键+关键字修改属性
3. yaml
yaml语法规则
核心规则:数据前面要加空格与冒号隔开
1.yaml数组数据
数组数据在数据书写位置的下方使用减号作为数据开始符号,每行书写一个数据,减号与数据间空格分隔
2.yaml数据读取
使用@Value读取单个数据,属性名引用方式:
封装全部数据到Environment对象
自定义对象封装指定数据【常用】
public class Enterprise {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String tel;
private String[] subject;
//自行添加getter、setter、toString()等方法
}
自定义对象封装数据警告解决方案
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
4.多环境开发配置
yaml文件多环境启动
properties文件多环境启动
主启动配置文件 application.properties
spring.profiles.active=pro
#环境分类配置文件 application-pro.properties
server.port=80
#环境分类配置文件application-test.properties
server.port=82
#环境分类配置文件application-test.properties
server.port=82
5.多环境开发控制
Maven与SpringBoot多环境兼容(步骤)
①:Maven中设置多环境属性
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>dev_env</id>
<properties>
<profile.active>dev</profile.active>
</properties>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>pro_env</id>
<properties>
<profile.active>pro</profile.active>
</properties>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>test_env</id>
<properties>
<profile.active>test</profile.active>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
②:SpringBoot中引用Maven属性
③:执行Maven打包指令
Maven指令执行完毕后,生成了对应的包,其中类参与编译,但是配置文件并没有编译,而是复制到包中
解决思路:对于源码中非java类的操作要求加载Maven对应的属性,解析${}占位符
④:对资源文件开启对默认占位符的解析
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
<useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
Maven打包加载到属性,打包顺利通过
6.配置文件分类
SpringBoot的配置文件可以放在项目的哪些地方?
java –jar springboot.jar --spring.profiles.active=test --server.port=85 --server.servlet.context-path=/heima --server.tomcat.connection-timeout=-1 ... ...
-
SpringBoot中4级配置文件
1级: file :config/application.yml 【最高】
2级: file :application.yml
3级:classpath:config/application.yml
4级:classpath:application.yml 【最低】
-
作用:
1级与2级留做系统打包后设置通用属性
3级与4级用于系统开发阶段设置通用属性
三、整合第三方技术
1. 整合JUnit
【第一步】添加整合junit起步依赖(可以直接勾选)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
【第二步】编写测试类,默认自动生成了一个
@SpringBootTest
class Springboot07JunitApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@Test
public void testSave() {
bookService.save();
}
}
2.基于SpringBoot实现SSM整合
1.Spring整合mybatis
-
导入JdbcConfig
-
导入MyBatisConfig
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class, MyBatisConfig.class})
public class SpringConfig {
}
DBCConfig
#jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=itheima
public class JdbcConfig {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String userName;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean
public DataSource getDataSource() {
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
ds.setUrl(url);
ds.setUsername(userName);
ds.setPassword(password);
return ds;
}
}
MyBatisConfig
-
定义SqlSessionFactoryBean
-
定义映射配置
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactoryBean getSqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSource dataSource) {
SqlSessionFactoryBean ssfb = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
ssfb.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.itheima.domain");
ssfb.setDataSource(dataSource);
return ssfb;
}
@Bean
public MapperScannerConfigurer getMapperScannerConfigurer() {
MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
msc.setBasePackage("com.itheima.dao");
return msc;
}
2.SpringBoot整合MyBatis
①:创建新模块,选择Spring初始化,并配置模块相关基础信息
②:选择当前模块需要使用的技术集(MyBatis、MySQL)
③:设置数据源参数
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db?serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: root
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
注意事项:
-
SpringBoot版本低于2.4.3(不含),Mysql驱动版本大于8.0时,需要在url连接串中配置时区,或在MySQL数据库端配置时区解决此问题
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db?serverTimezone=UTC
④:定义数据层接口与映射配置
@Mapper
public interface UserDao {
@Select("select * from tbl_book where id=#{id}")
Book getById(Integer id);
}
⑤:测试类中注入dao接口,测试功能
@SpringBootTest
class Springboot08MybatisApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Test
public void testGetById() {
Book book = bookDao.getById(1);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
3.案例-SpringBoot实现ssm整合
【第一步】创建SpringBoot工程,添加druid依赖
<!-- todo 1 添加druid连接池依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
【第二步】复制springmvc11page工程各种资源(主java类、页面、测试类)
【第三步】删除config包中的所有配置,在BookDao接口上加@Mapper注解
//todo 3 在BookDao接口上加@Mapper注解,让SpringBoot给接口创建代理对象
@Mapper
public interface BookDao {
//...
}
【第四步】将application.properties修改成application.yml,配置端口号和连接参数**
server:
port: 80
# todo 4 配置数据库连接参数
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db
username: root
password: root
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
【第五步】修改BookServiceTest配置类,进行配置
// todo 5 修改单元测试类,添加@SpringBootTest主键,修复@Test注解导包
@SpringBootTest
public class BookServiceTest {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@Test
public void testGetById(){
Book book = bookService.getById(2); //传递参数1会抛出异常
System.out.println(book);
}
@Test
public void testGetAll(){
List<Book> all = bookService.getAll();
System.out.println(all);
}
}