qt对excel的基本操作

2023-11-14

qt对excel的基本操作

1.环境

1.1 配置方面

① 确保Excel软件在本地服务器注册成功，没注册成功的可以通过在运行中"E:\program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\EXCEL.EXE" /regserver 手动注册，注意路径要用自己的excel路径。

② 确保组件配制正确，运行命令：dcomcnfg，查看DCOM配置下是否有Microsoft Excel Application，有的话万事大吉，开始设置（1）常规，身份验证：无（2）安全、配制权限自定义，控制权限，完全控制选中，保存

2.指令

2.1 常用操作指令

连接Excel控件

QAxWidget excel(“Excel.Application”);

显示当前窗口：
excel.setProperty(“Visible”, true);

更改 Excel 标题栏：
excel.setProperty(“Caption”, “Invoke Microsoft Excel”);

不显示任何警告信息

setProperty(“DisplayAlerts”,0)

添加新工作簿：
QAxObject * workbooks = excel.querySubObject(“WorkBooks”);
workbooks->dynamicCall(“Add”);

打开已存在的工作簿：
workbooks->dynamicCall(“Open (const QString&)”, QString(“c:/test.xls”));

获取活动工作簿：
QAxObject * workbook = excel.querySubObject(“ActiveWorkBook”);

获取所有的工作表：
QAxObject * worksheets = workbook->querySubObject(“WorkSheets”);

获取工作表数量：
int intCount = worksheets->property(“Count”).toInt();

获取第一个工作表：
QAxObject * worksheet = workbook->querySubObject(“Worksheets(int)”, 1);

获取cell的值：
QAxObject * range = worksheet->querySubObject(“Cells(int,int)”, 1, 1 );

获取已使用区域

m_pworksheet->querySubObject(“UsedRange”)

获取行数

QAxObject *rows = usedrange->querySubObject(“Rows”);

int nRows = rows->property(“Count”).toInt();

获取列数

QAxObject *columns = usedrange->querySubObject(“Columns”);

int nCols = columns->property(“Count”).toInt();

2.2 设置单元格属性

QAxObject *pCell = work_sheet->querySubObject("Range(const QString&)", "A1:C1");
if (pCell)
{	    	        	
    //字体对齐（居中）
    pCell ->setProperty("HorizontalAlignment", -4108);//左对齐（xlLeft）：-4131  居中（xlCenter）：-4108  右对齐（xlRight）：-4152
    pCell ->setProperty("VerticalAlignment", -4108); //上对齐（xlTop）-4160 居中（xlCenter）：-4108  下对齐（xlBottom）：-4107

    //设置字体
    QAxObject *font = pCell->querySubObject("Font");  //获取单元格字体
    font->setProperty("Bold", true);  //字体加粗
    font->setProperty("Name", QStringLiteral("华文彩云"));  //设置单元格字体
    font->setProperty("Bold", true);  //设置单元格字体加粗
    font->setProperty("Size", 20);  //设置单元格字体大小
    font->setProperty("Italic", true);  //设置单元格字体斜体
    font->setProperty("Underline", 2);  //设置单元格下划线
    font->setProperty("Color", QColor(255, 0, 0));  //设置单元格字体颜色（红色）

    //设置单元格背景色（灰色）
    QColor bkColor(125, 125, 125);
    QAxObject* interior = pCell->querySubObject("Interior");
    interior->setProperty("Color", bkColor);

    //绘制单元格边框（黑色）
    QAxObject* border = pCell->querySubObject("Borders");
    border->setProperty("Color", QColor(0, 0, 0)); 

    //创建组
    QAxObject* rows = pCell->querySubObject("Rows");
    rows->querySubObject("Group");
}

//宽度自适应
auto range = work_sheet->querySubObject("UsedRange");
QAxObject * cells = range->querySubObject("Columns");
if (cells)
{
    cells->dynamicCall("AutoFit");
}	


//设置单元格格式（文本）
QAxObject *oRange = work_sheet->querySubObject("Range(QString)", "A1:A99");
if (oRange)
{
    oRange->setProperty("NumberFormatLocal", "@");
}

oRange = work_sheet->querySBubObject("Range(QString)", "A1:B1");
if (oRange)
{
    pCell ->setProperty("WrapText", true); //内容过多，自动换行
    pCell ->setProperty("MergeCells", true); //合并单元格
    //pCell ->setProperty("MergeCells", false);  //拆分单元格
    //pcell->dynamicCall("ClearContents()");  //清空单元格内容
}

3.问题

3.1 Open失败

querySubObject(“Open(QString&)”，“path”）命令执行是出现如下异常信息

在这里插入图片描述

报错：800706BE 远程过程调用失败

描述：改报错在dynamicCall(“SetVisible(bool)”, true)时不会报错

去掉下面pdf的勾选
在这里插入图片描述

4.excel操作

4.1 初始化excel环境

连接COM组件，设置基本属性

int InitExcel()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN

    CoInitialize(nullptr);
    m_pExcel = new QAxObject();

    bool b_ret = m_pExcel->setControl("Excel.Application");
    if (!b_ret)
    {
        b_ret = m_pExcel->setControl("ket.Application");
        if (!b_ret)
        {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    m_pExcel->dynamicCall("SetVisible(bool)", false);
    m_pExcel->setProperty("DisplayAlerts", false);
    m_pWorkBooks = m_pExcel->querySubObject("WorkBooks");
    if (!m_pWorkBooks)
    {
        CloseExcel();
        return -2;
    }
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.2 打开Excel

int OpenExcel(const QString& path)
{
    int i_ret = 0;
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    i_ret = InitExcel();
    if (0 != i_ret)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    CloseWorkBook();

    QFile file(path);
    if (!file.exists())
    {
        CreateExcel(path);
    }
    else
    {
        m_pWorkBook = m_pWorkBooks->querySubObject("Open(QString&)", QDir::toNativeSeparators(path));
        if (!m_pWorkBook)
        {
            return -2;
        }
    }
    file.close();

    m_pWorkSheets = m_pWorkBook->querySubObject("Sheets");
    if (!m_pWorkSheets)
    {
        return -3;
    }

    m_pWorkSheet = m_pWorkSheets->querySubObject("Item(int)", 1);
    if (!m_pWorkSheet)
    {
        return -4;
    }

    m_sFileName = path;
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

//关闭workbook
void CloseWorkBook()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    if (m_pWorkBook)
    {
        QVariant ret = m_pWorkBook->dynamicCall("Close()");
    }
#endif
}

void CreateExcel(const QString &path)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkBooks);

    if (m_pWorkBooks)
    {
        m_pWorkBooks->dynamicCall("Add");
        m_pWorkBook = m_pExcel->querySubObject("ActiveWorkBook");
        SaveAsExcel(path);
    }
#endif
}

4.3 另存为

int SaveAsExcel(const QString& path)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkBook);
    try
    {
        if (m_pWorkBook)
        {
            QVariant ret = m_pWorkBook->dynamicCall("SaveAs(const QString &)", QDir::toNativeSeparators(path));
            if (ret.toBool())
            {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return -2;
    }
    return -1;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.4 关闭Excel

void CloseExcel()
{
    m_sFileName = "";

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkBooks);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkBooks->isNull());

    if (m_pWorkBooks && !m_pWorkBooks->isNull())
    {
        QVariant ret = m_pWorkBooks->dynamicCall("Close()");
    }

    if (m_pExcel)
    {
        QVariant ret = m_pExcel->dynamicCall("Quit()");
    }
    
    RELEASE_POINTER(m_pWorkSheet);
    RELEASE_POINTER(m_pWorkSheets);
    RELEASE_POINTER(m_pWorkBook);
    RELEASE_POINTER(m_pWorkBooks);
    RELEASE_POINTER(m_pExcel);

    CoUninitialize();
#endif
}

4.5 宽度自适应

int ColumnAutoFit()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheet);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (m_pWorkSheet && !m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        try
        {
            QAxObject *rang = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("UsedRange");
            QAxObject *columns = rang->querySubObject("Columns");
            if (columns)
            {
                QVariant var = columns->dynamicCall("AutoFit");
                RELEASE_POINTER(columns);
            }
            RELEASE_POINTER(rang);
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            return -2;
        }

        return 0;
    }
    return -1;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.6 获取工作表数量

int GetWorkSheetCount()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheets);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (m_pWorkSheets && !m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        return m_pWorkSheets->property("Count").toInt();
    }
    return -1;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.7 读取所有数据

int ReadAll(QList<QList<QVariant>> &list)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheets);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (!m_pWorkSheet && m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        return -1;
    }

    list.clear();
    QAxObject* usedRange = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("UsedRange");
    //auto var = usedRange->dynamicCall("Value()");
    auto var = usedRange->property("Value2");
    auto rowList = var.toList();
    for (auto rowData : rowList)
    {
        auto subData = rowData.toList();
        QList<QVariant> subList;
        for (auto data : subData)
        {
            subList.push_back(data);
        }
        list.push_back(subList);
    }

    RELEASE_POINTER(usedRange);
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.8 将List数据写入表格

int Write(const QList<QList<QVariant>> &data, bool overwrite)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheets);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (data.size() <= 0)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    if (!m_pWorkSheet && m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        return -2;
    }

    QVariantList variantList;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); i++)
    {
        variantList.push_back(data.at(i));
    }

    QVariant variant = (QVariant)variantList;

    int i_row = data.size();
    int i_col = data.at(0).size();
    int i_row_start = 1;
    int i_row_count = 0;
    if (!overwrite)
    {
        i_row_count = GetRowCount();
        i_row_start = i_row_count + 1;
    }

    QString strRang;
    ConvertToColName(i_col, strRang);
    strRang += QString::number(i_row + i_row_count);
    strRang = QString("A%1:").arg(i_row_start) + strRang;

    try
    {
        QAxObject *range = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("Range(const QString&)", strRang);
        range->setProperty("Value2", variant);
        range->setProperty("WrapText", true); //内容过多自动换行
        range->setProperty("NumberFormatLocal", "@"); //设置单元格格式（文本）
        range->setProperty("HorizontalAlignment", -4108);//左对齐（xlLeft）：-4131  居中（xlCenter）：-4108  右对齐（xlRight）：-4152
        range->setProperty("VerticalAlignment", -4108); //上对齐（xlTop）-4160 居中（xlCenter）：-4108  下对齐（xlBottom）：-4107

        QAxObject *border = range->querySubObject("Borders");
        border->setProperty("Color", QColor(0, 0, 0)); //设置边框颜色

        RELEASE_POINTER(border);
        RELEASE_POINTER(range);
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return -3;
    }
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

//
QString ConvertToLetters(int data)
{
    QChar ch = data + 0x40; //A对应0x41
    return QString(ch);
}

void ConvertToColName(int data, QString &res)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(data > 0 && data < 65535);
    int tempData = data / 26;
    if (tempData > 0)
    {
        int mode = data % 26;
        ConvertToColName(mode, res);
        ConvertToColName(tempData, res);
    }
    else
    {
        res = ConvertToLetters(data) + res;
    }
#endif
}

4.9 获取某个单元格的数据

int GetCellValue(const int row, const int column, QVariant &value)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheet);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (!m_pWorkSheet && !m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        return -1;
    }

    try
    {
        QAxObject *range = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("Cells(int,int)", row, column);
        auto var = range->property("Value2");
        value = var;
        RELEASE_POINTER(range);
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return -2;
    }
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.10 设置某个单元格的数据

int SetCellValue(const int row, const int column, const QVariant &value)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheet);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkSheet->isNull());

    if (!m_pWorkSheet && !m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        return -1;
    }

    try
    {
        QAxObject *range = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("Cells(int,int)", row, column);
        bool ret = range->setProperty("Value2", value);
        RELEASE_POINTER(range);
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return -2;
    }
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.11 设置当前操作worksheet序号


int SetWorkSheetNum(const int num)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN

    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkBook);
    Q_ASSERT(!m_pWorkBook->isNull());

    if (!m_pWorkBook && !m_pWorkBook->isNull())
    {
        return -1;
    }

    if (m_pWorkSheet)
    {    
        RELEASE_POINTER(m_pWorkSheet);
    }

    try
    {
        m_pWorkSheet = m_pWorkBook->querySubObject("Worksheets(int)", num);
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return -2;
    }
    return 0;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.12 获取总列数

int GetColumnCount()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheet);

    if (m_pWorkSheet && !m_pWorkSheet->isNull())
    {
        int nCols = 0;
        try
        {
            QAxObject *usedRange = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("UsedRange");
            QAxObject *columns = usedRange->querySubObject("Columns");

            nCols = columns->property("Count").toInt();
            RELEASE_POINTER(columns);
            RELEASE_POINTER(usedRange);
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        return nCols;
    }
    return -1;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

4.13 获取总行数

int GetRowCount()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    Q_ASSERT(m_pWorkSheet);

    if (m_pWorkSheet)
    {
        int nRows = 0;
        try
        {
            QAxObject *usedRange = m_pWorkSheet->querySubObject("UsedRange");
            if (usedRange)
            {
                QAxObject *rows = usedRange->querySubObject("Rows");
                if (rows)
                {
                    nRows = rows->property("Count").toInt();
                    RELEASE_POINTER(rows);
                }      
                RELEASE_POINTER(usedRange);
            }

        }
        catch (...)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        return nRows;
    }
    return -1;
#else
    return -1;
#endif
}

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