k8s以Deployment方式部署prometheus + grafana：
| 系统 | ip | 角色 | cpu | 内存 | hostname |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CentOS 7.8 | 192.168.30.128 | master | >=2 | >=2G | master1 |
| CentOS 7.8 | 192.168.30.129 | master | >=2 | >=2G | master2 |
| CentOS 7.8 | 192.168.30.130 | node | >=2 | >=2G | node1 |
| CentOS 7.8 | 192.168.30.131 | node | >=2 | >=2G | node2 |
| CentOS 7.8 | 192.168.30.132 | node | >=2 | >=2G | node3 |
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 Ready master 63d v1.14.0
master2 Ready master 63d v1.14.0
node1 Ready <none> 63d v1.14.0
node2 Ready <none> 63d v1.14.0
node3 Ready <none> 63d v1.14.0
通过prometheus-node-exporter采集主机的性能指标数据，并通过暴露的 /metrics 接口用prometheus抓取
通过kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy自身暴露的 /metrics 获取节点上与k8s集群相关的一些指标数据
通过cadvisor采集容器、Pod相关的性能指标数据，并通过暴露的 /metrics 接口用prometheus抓取
通过blackbox-exporter采集应用的网络性能(http、tcp、icmp等)数据，并通过暴露的 /metrics 接口用prometheus抓取
通过kube-state-metrics采集k8s资源对象的状态指标数据，并通过暴露的 /metrics 接口用prometheus抓取
应用自己采集容器中进程主动暴露的指标数据（暴露指标的功能由应用自己实现，并添加约定的annotation，prometheus负责根据annotation实现抓取）
Kubernetes可以约定好带哪些annotation前缀的服务是自主暴露监控指标的服务。应用添加约定的这些annotations，Prometheus可以根据annotation实现抓取。例如：
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true' 获知对应的endpoint是需要被scrape的
prometheus.io/app-metrics: 'true' 获知对应的endpoint中有应用进程暴露的metrics
prometheus.io/app-metrics-port: '8080' 获知进程暴露的metrics的端口
prometheus.io/app-metrics-path: '/metrics' 获知进程暴露的metrics的具体路径
应用可以在service中指定约定的annotation，实现Prometheus对该应用的网络服务进行探测：
http探测：
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
prometheus.io/http-probe: 'true'
prometheus.io/http-probe-port: '8080'
prometheus.io/http-probe-path: '/healthz'
tcp探测：
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
prometheus.io/tcp-probe: 'true'
prometheus.io/tcp-probe-port: '80'
Prometheus根据这些annotations可以获知相应service是需要被探测的，探测的网络协议可以是http、tcp或其他，以及具体的探测端口。http探测需要知道探测的具体url。
mkdir -p /home/k8s/monitoring/{node-exporter,k8s,kube-state-metrics,blackbox-exporter,dingtalk,alertmanager,prometheus,grafana}
cd /home/k8s/monitoring
vim namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: monitoring
vim node-exporter/node-exporter.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: node-exporter
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
app: node-exporter
ports:
- name: node-exporter
port: 9100
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9100
clusterIP: None
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
name: node-exporter
labels:
app: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: prom/node-exporter:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
hostPort: 9100
hostNetwork: true
hostPID: true
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
controller-manager：
vim k8s/kube-controller-manager-prometheus-discovery.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-controller-manager-prometheus-discovery
namespace: kube-system
labels:
component: kube-controller-manager
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
component: kube-controller-manager
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 10252
targetPort: 10252
protocol: TCP
clusterIP: None
kube-scheduler：
vim k8s/kube-scheduler-prometheus-discovery.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-scheduler-prometheus-discovery
namespace: kube-system
labels:
component: kube-scheduler
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
component: kube-scheduler
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 10251
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10251
clusterIP: None
kube-proxy：
vim k8s/kube-proxy-prometheus-discovery.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-proxy-prometheus-discovery
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-proxy
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-proxy
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 10249
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10249
clusterIP: None
vim kube-state-metrics/rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- secrets
- nodes
- pods
- services
- resourcequotas
- replicationcontrollers
- limitranges
- persistentvolumeclaims
- persistentvolumes
- namespaces
- endpoints
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- daemonsets
- deployments
- replicasets
- ingresses
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- apps
resources:
- statefulsets
- daemonsets
- deployments
- replicasets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- batch
resources:
- cronjobs
- jobs
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- autoscaling
resources:
- horizontalpodautoscalers
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- authentication.k8s.io
resources:
- tokenreviews
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- authorization.k8s.io
resources:
- subjectaccessreviews
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- policy
resources:
- poddisruptionbudgets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- certificates.k8s.io
resources:
- certificatesigningrequests
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- storage.k8s.io
resources:
- storageclasses
- volumeattachments
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- admissionregistration.k8s.io
resources:
- mutatingwebhookconfigurations
- validatingwebhookconfigurations
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- networkpolicies
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- coordination.k8s.io
resources:
- leases
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: monitoring
vim kube-state-metrics/kube-state-metrics.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
prometheus.io/http-probe: 'true'
prometheus.io/http-probe-path: '/healthz'
prometheus.io/http-probe-port: '8080'
spec:
selector:
app: kube-state-metrics
ports:
- name: kube-state-metrics
port: 8080
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kube-state-metrics
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
image: quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.8.0 # kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7 适用于Kubernetes 1.16以上版本
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
nodeSelector:
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
kubernetes.io/hostname: "master2"
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
blackbox-exporter是一个黑盒探测工具，可以对服务的http、tcp、icmp等进行网络探测。
vim blackbox-exporter/config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: blackbox-exporter
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: blackbox-exporter
data:
blackbox.yml: |-
modules:
http_2xx:
prober: http
timeout: 10s
http:
valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2"]
valid_status_codes: []
method: GET
preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
http_post_2xx:
prober: http
timeout: 10s
http:
valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2"]
method: POST
preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
tcp_connect:
prober: tcp
timeout: 10s
icmp:
prober: icmp
timeout: 10s
icmp:
preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
vim blackbox-exporter/blackbox-exporter.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: blackbox-exporter
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: blackbox-exporter
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
app: blackbox-exporter
ports:
- name: blackbox
port: 9115
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9115
nodePort: 30115
type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: blackbox-exporter
namespace: monitoring
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: blackbox-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: blackbox-exporter
spec:
containers:
- name: blackbox-exporter
image: prom/blackbox-exporter:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9115
readinessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: 9115
initialDelaySeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
resources:
requests:
memory: 50Mi
cpu: 100m
limits:
memory: 60Mi
cpu: 200m
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/blackbox_exporter
args:
- '--config.file=/etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml'
- '--web.listen-address=:9115'
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: blackbox-exporter
nodeSelector:
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
注意：
blackbox-exporter的配置文件为/etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml， 运行时可以动态重载配置文件，当重新加载配置文件失败时，不影响运行中的配置。重载方式：
curl -XPOST http://ip:9115/-/reload
vim dingtalk/config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: dingtalk-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
config.yml: |-
targets:
webhook:
url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx #修改为钉钉机器人的webhook
mention:
all: true #@所有人
vim dingtalk/dingtalk.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: dingtalk
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: dingtalk
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
selector:
app: dingtalk
ports:
- name: dingtalk
port: 8060
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8060
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: dingtalk
namespace: monitoring
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: dingtalk
template:
metadata:
name: dingtalk
labels:
app: dingtalk
spec:
containers:
- name: dingtalk
image: timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8060
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: dingtalk-config
vim alertmanager/templates.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: alertmanager-templates
namespace: monitoring
data:
default.tmpl: |
{{ define "__alertmanager" }}AlertManager{{ end }}
{{ define "__alertmanagerURL" }}{{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}{{ end }}
{{ define "__subject" }}[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}] {{ .GroupLabels.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }} {{ if gt (len .CommonLabels) (len .GroupLabels) }}({{ with .CommonLabels.Remove .GroupLabels.Names }}{{ .Values | join " " }}{{ end }}){{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ define "__description" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "__text_alert_list" }}{{ range . }}Labels:
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}
{{ end }}Annotations:
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}
{{ end }}Source: {{ .GeneratorURL }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.username" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.fallback" }}{{ template "slack.default.title" . }} | {{ template "slack.default.titlelink" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.pretext" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.titlelink" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.iconemoji" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.iconurl" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "slack.default.text" }}{{ end }}
{{ define "hipchat.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "hipchat.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.description" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.client" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.clientURL" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pagerduty.default.instances" }}{{ template "__text_alert_list" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "opsgenie.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "opsgenie.default.description" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
Alerts Firing:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
{{- end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
Alerts Resolved:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{ define "opsgenie.default.source" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "victorops.default.message" }}{{ template "__subject" . }} | {{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "victorops.default.from" }}{{ template "__alertmanager" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "email.default.subject" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "email.default.html" }}
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!--
Style and HTML derived from https://github.com/mailgun/transactional-email-templates
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2014 Mailgun
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<head style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<title style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">{{ template "__subject" . }}</title>
</head>
<body itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/EmailMessage" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; height: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; width: 100% !important; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0; padding: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">
<table style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; background-color: #f6f6f6; margin: 0;" bgcolor="#f6f6f6">
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>
<td width="600" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; display: block !important; max-width: 600px !important; clear: both !important; width: 100% !important; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;" valign="top">
<div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; max-width: 600px; display: block; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; border-radius: 3px; background-color: #fff; margin: 0; border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;" bgcolor="#fff">
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top; color: #fff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; background-color: #E6522C; margin: 0; padding: 20px;" align="center" bgcolor="#E6522C" valign="top">
{{ .Alerts | len }} alert{{ if gt (len .Alerts) 1 }}s{{ end }} for {{ range .GroupLabels.SortedPairs }}
{{ .Name }}={{ .Value }}
{{ end }}
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 10px;" valign="top">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<a href="{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #FFF; text-decoration: none; line-height: 2em; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; border-radius: 5px; text-transform: capitalize; background-color: #348eda; margin: 0; border-color: #348eda; border-style: solid; border-width: 10px 20px;">View in {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a>
</td>
</tr>
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}] Firing</strong>
</td>
</tr>
{{ end }}
{{ range .Alerts.Firing }}
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
<a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
</td>
</tr>
{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<hr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
</td>
</tr>
{{ end }}
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">[{{ .Alerts.Resolved | len }}] Resolved</strong>
</td>
</tr>
{{ end }}
{{ range .Alerts.Resolved }}
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" valign="top">
<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Labels</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Annotations) 0 }}<strong style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">Annotations</strong><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}<br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />{{ end }}
<a href="{{ .GeneratorURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; color: #348eda; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Source</a><br style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;" />
</td>
</tr>
{{ end }}
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; clear: both; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 20px;">
<table width="100%" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<tr style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin: 0;">
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; color: #999; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 20px;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="{{ .ExternalURL }}" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; color: #999; text-decoration: underline; margin: 0;">Sent by {{ template "__alertmanager" . }}</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; margin: 0;" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
{{ end }}
{{ define "pushover.default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "pushover.default.message" }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
Alerts Firing:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}
Alerts Resolved:
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "pushover.default.url" }}{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}{{ end }}
slack.tmpl: |
{{ define "slack.devops.text" }}
{{range .Alerts}}{{.Annotations.DESCRIPTION}}
{{end}}
{{ end }}
vim alertmanager/config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: alertmanager-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
config.yml: |-
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:465' #邮箱smtp服务器代理，启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
smtp_from: 'alert@163.com' #发送邮箱名称
smtp_auth_username: 'alert@163.com' #邮箱名称
smtp_auth_password: 'password' #邮箱密码或授权码
smtp_require_tls: false
templates:
- '/etc/templates/*.tmpl'
route:
receiver: 'default'
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 1m
repeat_interval: 1h
group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'cluster', 'service']
routes:
- receiver: 'default'
match:
severity: 'warning'
- receiver: 'dingtalk'
match:
severity: 'critical'
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
severity: 'critical'
target_match:
severity: 'warning'
equal: ['alertname', 'instance', 'cluster', 'service']
receivers:
- name: 'default'
email_configs:
- to: 'receiver@163.com'
send_resolved: true
- name: 'dingtalk'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://dingtalk:8060/dingtalk/webhook/send'
send_resolved: true
vim alertmanager/alertmanager.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitoring
spec:
rules:
- host: alertmanager.lzxlinux.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: alertmanager
servicePort: 9093
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitoring
labels:
name: alertmanager
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
app: alertmanager
ports:
- name: alertmanager
port: 9093
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9093
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitoring
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: alertmanager
template:
metadata:
name: alertmanager
labels:
app: alertmanager
spec:
containers:
- name: alertmanager
image: prom/alertmanager:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9093
env:
- name: POD_IP
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
apiVersion: v1
fieldPath: status.podIP
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/config.yml"
- "--storage.path=/alertmanager"
- "--cluster.advertise-address=$(POD_IP):6783" #没有该参数会报错：Failed to get final advertise address
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
- name: templates
mountPath: /etc/templates
- name: alertmanager
mountPath: /alertmanager
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: alertmanager-config
- name: templates
configMap:
name: alertmanager-templates
- name: alertmanager
emptyDir: {}
vim prometheus/rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/proxy
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["networking.k8s.io"]
resources:
- ingresses
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- configmaps
verbs: ["get"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
prometheus配置文件说明：
annotations将任何非标识metadata附加到对象，而labels可用于选择对象并查找满足某些条件的对象集合。相比之下，annotations不用于标识和选择对象，虽然它也是键值形式。annotations不会被Kubernetes直接使用，其主要目的是方便用户阅读查找。
Kubernetes的API SERVER会暴露API服务，Promethues集成了对Kubernetes的自动发现，它有5种模式：node、service、pod、endpoints、ingress。
上面是Prometheus官方给出的对Kubernetes服务发现的配置。可以看到大量的relabel_configs，其实把所有的relabel_configs去掉一样可以对kubernetes做服务发现。
relabel_configs仅仅是对采集过来的指标做二次处理，比如要什么、不要什么以及替换什么等等。而以 __meta_ 开头的这些元数据标签都是实例中包含的，
而relabel则是动态的修改、覆盖、添加删除这些标签或者这些标签对应的值。而且以 __ 开头的标签通常是系统内部使用的，因此这些标签不会被写入样本数据中，
如果我们要收集这些东西那么则要进行relabel操作。当然relabel操作也不仅限于操作以 __ 开头的标签。
action的行为：
replace：默认行为，不配置action的话就采用这种行为，它会根据regex来去匹配source_labels标签上的值，并将并将匹配到的值写入target_label中
labelmap：它会根据regex去匹配标签名称，并将匹配到的内容作为新标签的名称，其值作为新标签的值
keep：仅收集匹配到regex的源标签，而会丢弃没有匹配到的所有标签，用于选择
drop：丢弃匹配到regex的源标签，而会收集没有匹配到的所有标签，用于排除
labeldrop：使用regex匹配标签，符合regex规则的标签将从target实例中移除，其实也就是不收集不保存
labelkeep：使用regex匹配标签，仅收集符合regex规则的标签，不符合的不收集
vim prometheus/config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 10s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 10s
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
- alertmanager:9093
rule_files:
- "/etc/prometheus-rules/*.rules"
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'node-exporter' #node节点性能指标数据
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
regex: true;node-exporter
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: (.+)(?::\d+);(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: 'kube-apiservers'
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
regex: default;kubernetes;https
action: keep
- job_name: 'kube-controller-manager'
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name]
regex: true;kube-system;kube-controller-manager-prometheus-discovery
action: keep
- job_name: 'kube-scheduler'
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name]
regex: true;kube-system;kube-scheduler-prometheus-discovery
action: keep
- job_name: 'kubelet'
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.30.188:6443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics
- job_name: 'kube-proxy'
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name]
regex: true;kube-system;kube-proxy-prometheus-discovery
action: keep
- job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor' #容器、Pod相关的性能指标数据
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.30.188:6443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
metric_relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [id]
action: replace
regex: '^/machine\.slice/machine-rkt\\x2d([^\\]+)\\.+/([^/]+)\.service$'
target_label: rkt_container_name
replacement: '${2}-${1}'
- source_labels: [id]
action: replace
regex: '^/system\.slice/(.+)\.service$'
target_label: systemd_service_name
replacement: '${1}'
- job_name: 'kube-state-metrics' #资源对象(Deployment、Pod等)的状态
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
regex: true;kube-state-metrics
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: (.+)(?::\d+);(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-http-probe' #通过http方式探测Service状态
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe]
regex: true;true
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe_port, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_http_probe_path]
action: replace
target_label: __param_target
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: $1.$2:$3$4
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.30.128:30115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_info_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-tcp-probe' #通过tcp方式探测Service状态
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [tcp_connect]
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_tcp_probe]
regex: true;true
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_tcp_probe_port]
action: replace
target_label: __param_target
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: $1.$2:$3
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.30.128:30115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_info_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses' #通过http方式探测ingresses状态
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: ingress
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme, __address__, __meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.30.128:30115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
vim prometheus/rules.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-rules
namespace: monitoring
data:
node.rules: |
groups:
- name: node
rules:
- alert: NodeDown
expr: up == 0
for: 3m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}: down"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }} has been down for more than 3m"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeCPUHigh
expr: (1 - avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m]))) * 100 > 75
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High CPU usage"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: CPU usage is above 75%"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeCPUIowaitHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="iowait"}[5m])) * 100 > 50
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High CPU iowait usage"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: CPU iowait usage is above 50%"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeMemoryUsageHigh
expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) * 100 > 90
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High memory usage"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Memory usage is above 90%"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeDiskRootLow
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Low disk(the / partition) space"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Disk(the / partition) usage is above 80%"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeDiskBootLow
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Low disk(the /boot partition) space"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Disk(the /boot partition) usage is above 80%"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: NodeLoad5High
expr: (node_load5) > (count by (instance) (node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='system'}) * 2)
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Load(5m) High"
description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Load(5m) is 2 times the number of CPU cores"
value: "{{ $value }}"
vim prometheus/prometheus.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
spec:
rules:
- host: prometheus.lzxlinux.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: prometheus
servicePort: 9090
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: prometheus
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
selector:
app: prometheus
ports:
- name: prometheus
port: 9090
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9090
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
serviceAccountName: prometheus
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
- '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d'
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
resources:
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 500M
limits:
cpu: 500m
memory: 500M
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/prometheus
- name: rules
mountPath: /etc/prometheus-rules
- name: prometheus
mountPath: /prometheus
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
- name: rules
configMap:
name: prometheus-rules
- name: prometheus
emptyDir: {}
nodeSelector:
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
kubernetes.io/hostname: "master2"
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
vim grafana/secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: monitoring
data:
admin-password: YWRtaW4= # base64 加解密
admin-username: YWRtaW4=
type: Opaque
vim grafana/grafana.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: monitoring
spec:
rules:
- host: grafana.lzxlinux.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: grafana
servicePort: 3000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: grafana
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
prometheus.io/path: '/metrics'
spec:
selector:
app: grafana
ports:
- name: grafana
port: 3000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
name: grafana
resources:
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
env:
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS
value: grafana-kubernetes-app #安装grafana-kubernetes-app插件
- name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: grafana
key: admin-username
- name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: grafana
key: admin-password
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /login
port: 3000
initialDelaySeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
volumeMounts:
- name: grafana-storage
mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
volumes:
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
tree .
.
├── alertmanager
│ ├── alertmanager.yaml
│ ├── config.yaml
│ └── templates.yaml
├── blackbox-exporter
│ ├── blackbox-exporter.yaml
│ └── config.yaml
├── dingtalk
│ ├── config.yaml
│ └── dingtalk.yaml
├── grafana
│ ├── grafana.yaml
│ └── secret.yaml
├── k8s
│ ├── kube-controller-manager-prometheus-discovery.yaml
│ ├── kube-proxy-prometheus-discovery.yaml
│ └── kube-scheduler-prometheus-discovery.yaml
├── kube-state-metrics
│ ├── kube-state-metrics.yaml
│ └── rbac.yaml
├── namespace.yaml
├── node-exporter
│ └── node-exporter.yaml
└── prometheus
├── config.yaml
├── prometheus.yaml
├── rbac.yaml
└── rules.yaml
8 directories, 20 files
kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml
kubectl apply -f node-exporter/
kubectl apply -f k8s/
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics/
kubectl apply -f blackbox-exporter/
kubectl apply -f dingtalk/
kubectl apply -f alertmanager/
kubectl apply -f prometheus/
kubectl apply -f grafana/
kubectl get all -n monitoring
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/alertmanager-9c4bf8565-z9mp9 1/1 Running 0 2m54s
pod/blackbox-exporter-57d847fc4c-mq8mx 1/1 Running 0 2m58s
pod/dingtalk-957f5896-9bd9b 1/1 Running 0 2m56s
pod/grafana-76779dc8cf-2fk4x 1/1 Running 0 2m46s
pod/kube-state-metrics-5d5f7cd774-tw4sw 1/1 Running 0 2m58s
pod/node-exporter-29bkg 1/1 Running 0 3m5s
pod/node-exporter-45k2d 1/1 Running 0 3m5s
pod/node-exporter-8dbts 1/1 Running 0 3m5s
pod/node-exporter-9kwwt 1/1 Running 0 3m5s
pod/node-exporter-bxhcf 1/1 Running 0 3m5s
pod/prometheus-65848cf9b4-m5kcf 1/1 Running 0 2m49s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/alertmanager ClusterIP 10.98.52.72 <none> 9093/TCP 2m55s
service/blackbox-exporter NodePort 10.106.73.127 <none> 9115:30115/TCP 2m58s
service/dingtalk ClusterIP 10.103.205.136 <none> 8060/TCP 2m57s
service/grafana ClusterIP 10.103.12.113 <none> 3000/TCP 2m47s
service/kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.98.99.215 <none> 8080/TCP 3m1s
service/node-exporter ClusterIP None <none> 9100/TCP 3m6s
service/prometheus ClusterIP 10.99.50.109 <none> 9090/TCP 2m51s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
daemonset.apps/node-exporter 5 5 5 5 5 <none> 3m5s
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/alertmanager 1/1 1 1 2m55s
deployment.apps/blackbox-exporter 1/1 1 1 2m58s
deployment.apps/dingtalk 1/1 1 1 2m57s
deployment.apps/grafana 1/1 1 1 2m46s
deployment.apps/kube-state-metrics 1/1 1 1 3m
deployment.apps/prometheus 1/1 1 1 2m51s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/alertmanager-9c4bf8565 1 1 1 2m55s
replicaset.apps/blackbox-exporter-57d847fc4c 1 1 1 2m58s
replicaset.apps/dingtalk-957f5896 1 1 1 2m56s
replicaset.apps/grafana-76779dc8cf 1 1 1 2m46s
replicaset.apps/kube-state-metrics-5d5f7cd774 1 1 1 3m
replicaset.apps/prometheus-65848cf9b4 1 1 1 2m51s
任选一个node ip，在本地添加hosts：
192.168.30.130 alertmanager.lzxlinux.cn
192.168.30.130 prometheus.lzxlinux.cn
192.168.30.130 grafana.lzxlinux.cn
访问prometheus.lzxlinux.cn，
监控的Targets中仅kube-proxy由于监听地址是127.0.0.1:10249而状态为DOWN，修改其监听地址即可。
访问grafana.lzxlinux.cn，数据源是http://prometheus:9090，导入主机详情模板8919，
启动插件：Plugins → kubernetes → Enable，然后配置集群访问地址及访问证书：
如果是通过kubeadm方式搭建的k8s集群，会有一个 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 文件，里面包含了客户端的证书和密码base64编码。
cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUN5RENDQWJDZ0F3SUJBZ0lCQURBTkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRc0ZBREFWTVJNd0VRWURWUVFERXdwcmRXSmwKY201bGRHVnpNQjRYRFRJd01EVXhNakV3TURBek1Gb1hEVE13TURVeE1ERXdNREF6TUZvd0ZURVRNQkVHQTFVRQpBeE1LYTNWaVpYSnVaWFJsY3pDQ0FTSXdEUVlKS29aSWh2Y05BUUVCQlFBRGdnRVBBRENDQVFvQ2dnRUJBTDVpCmYxTGcxUUlqN0VlWlZ0cVFmS3dGZjg4V3NVbVVialZldll5NDZTUittMWpwRWdvM2wxWEIvZHBFNzRWOGtqTGQKZkdGdmVWZkVxNy8rMzdyamNGMXRpSm1BbThLZnMrMW9QdEpLOE0yZjNTSm5FZVVIQUlBeFl2cUE4ZFNsbThTQwpmSkJWU2J3K1pROTBTelpKNzdQUzFuZTBmYnRod0Y2VHE0Uy9FV3h3cUZZMzF5cENub05lVUNtcElsSjVnYWdtCnJ2QmhkTmFNb2oyQlRrMWNDVjh3dkRVS3RlbXFVYVE4R2ZCalZLeHhkdWtwcjJ3S3RPbXZkem1vMEdLSE11MFcKWmQ1TVd0dStIQVZrTXhzcE95Yk41NkFkNnloUkN5YkFJbTN2ZWJlTFV5cjBEY2JhNzJXNVlPRHRCY3ZBOEJxOAoxR1JQc1EwaXBUdGtYbDVCZEhzQ0F3RUFBYU1qTUNFd0RnWURWUjBQQVFIL0JBUURBZ0trTUE4R0ExVWRFd0VCCi93UUZNQU1CQWY4d0RRWUpLb1pJaHZjTkFRRUxCUUFEZ2dFQkFJS0lIb25wVllFWWpwR3JrN2wraGJyeGlxZXkKeGFQT1M3UW5TZEVZMC94TWtiUWxKcy9rUFcxU2lVemdoUk4wQWJxMnFtTXVuNHhlZ0pLdGVPNXhYRGJZNEhZbgpVVCtPWG0rQ1hBQjd3S3pYcDlmUTZBUDk3cmY0L2FRaXlGZEtsZUJ6Y3JNUkErZHZWTjk3NGlHUW94aFh3T1FNCmZXeGNrMDNhU0Qvc2s5UnJrcFhlL1g2NHQrV3BkUlFGRjE2YVFlSHVxNnJQRWZTR2VPUWVpcVIrQVgvdWpIOHoKZzJZY2JKWE85U3ZheXcyb3oxSlozTUx6K0FpeE5RTHFNYU00Tm43TklvMExxUHFqNzZoU3d1Qk1nREE0VnFtZAowZHRtS211OVZjTGZHcW9ITnZnajlTYlVlZ1crL3VEbzcwVXdvb2NGTmlnSnRnOVVSZWpEUXJJSm4rUT0KLS0tLS1FTkQgQ0VSVElGSUNBVEUtLS0tLQo=
server: https://192.168.30.188:6443
name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
cluster: kubernetes
user: kubernetes-admin
name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
user:
client-certificate-data: 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
client-key-data: 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
其中属性certificate-authority-data、client-certificate-data、client-key-data 对应 CA 证书、Client 证书、Client 私钥，文件里面的内容是base64编码过后的，分别执行 echo "<base64 code>" | base64 -d 就能还原成证书源文件。
首先将Datasource设置为Prometheus，
点击Save保存即可，grafana中自动出现下图中的dashboard，
K8s Cluster：
K8s Node：
没有显示是因为prometheus的metric有更新，比如node_cpu改成了node_cpu_seconds_total。可以重新定义该dashboard的变量（可以参考8919 dashboard的变量），然后根据prometheus界面的metrics来调试。调试完毕示图：
K8s Deployments：
K8s Container：
grafana配置kubernetes数据源完成，接下来测试告警。
模拟node-exporter宕机，测试钉钉告警（critical）是否正常。这里选择node3作为测试机器。
vim kill_node-exporter.sh
#!/bin/bash
nodepid=`netstat -lntp | grep 9100 | awk '{print $NF}' | awk -F '/' '{print $1}'`
nodenum=`netstat -lntp | grep 9100 | grep -v pause | wc -l`
if [ $nodenum -eq 0 ];then
exit
else
kill -9 $nodepid
exit
fi
while :; do sh kill_node-exporter.sh; sleep 3; done
等待3m，收到钉钉故障告警和恢复告警，
模拟CPU使用率为80%，测试邮件告警（warning)是否正常。这里选择node3作为测试机器。
yum install -y stress-ng
stress-ng -c 0 -l 80 # -c 指定压力源进程的数量，以匹配在线CPU的数量，0表示加载每个cpu；-l 指定CPU使用率；Ctrl + C 退出
等待5m，收到邮件故障告警和恢复告警，
测试钉钉和邮件告警均没有问题。更多关于k8s集群的指标监控可以自行配置，此处仅作为演示。
k8s以Deployment方式部署 prometheus + grafana 完成。生产环境建议使用StatefulSet方式部署集群，大致过程与上面类似。已存放至个人github：kubernetes