[Django] Django基础环境配置

step1 :

设置python 虚拟环境并激活，然后安装Django开发版本
这里可以本人参考博客

step2 :

新建项目
之前安装Django以及虚拟环境都是在C盘下处理的，在这里用D盘存储项目
出现小插曲：

C:\Users\用户名>d:

D:\>cd .DjangoProj

D:\.DjangoProj>django-admin startproject mysite
'django-admin' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

D:\.DjangoProj>python
Python 3.8.5 (default, Sep  3 2020, 21:29:08) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> django-admin startproject mysite
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    django-admin startproject mysite
                 ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> import Django
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Django'
>>> import django
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'
>>>

D:\.DjangoProj>python -m django --version
D:\Anaconda\python.exe: No module named django

D:\.DjangoProj>python -m django --version
D:\Anaconda\python.exe: No module named django

但是没关系，我们可以在这里同样使用命令

python -m pip install Django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

然后：

D:\.DjangoProj>python -m pip install Django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting Django
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a8/ca/e88eb097959c48cd313dfc4bc394699a48fe5c158ed3a64c13e4fa46c1fd/Django-3.2.9-py3-none-any.whl (7.9 MB)
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.3.2
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/fe/66/577f32b54c50dcd8dec38447258e82ed327ecb86820d67ae7b3dea784f13/asgiref-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (25 kB)
Collecting sqlparse>=0.2.2
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/05/40/d836d55fb3f467243ee839ab7b814822fda522cd395fa41e282684e71ee5/sqlparse-0.4.2-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in d:\anaconda\lib\site-packages (from Django) (2020.1)
Installing collected packages: asgiref, sqlparse, Django
Successfully installed Django-3.2.9 asgiref-3.4.1 sqlparse-0.4.2

D:\.DjangoProj>django-admin startproject mysite

D:\.DjangoProj>

没有错误发生

step3：

发现创建了文件夹mysite
并且项目结构为：

mysite/
    manage.py
    mysite/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        asgi.py
        wsgi.py

这些目录和文件的用处是：

1. 最外层的 mysite/ 根目录只是你项目的容器， 根目录名称对 Django 没有影响，你可以将它重命名为任何你喜欢的名称。
2. manage.py: 一个让你用各种方式管理 Django 项目的命令行工具。你可以阅读 django-admin 和 manage.py 获取所有 manage.py 的细节。
3. 里面一层的 mysite/ 目录包含你的项目，它是一个纯 Python 包。它的名字就是当你引用它内部任何东西时需要用到的 Python 包名。 (比如 mysite.urls).
4. mysite/init.py：一个空文件，告诉 Python 这个目录应该被认为是一个 Python 包。如果你是 Python 初学者，阅读官方文档中的 更多关于包的知识。
5. mysite/settings.py：Django 项目的配置文件。如果你想知道这个文件是如何工作的，请查看 Django 配置 了解细节。
6. mysite/urls.py：Django 项目的 URL 声明，就像你网站的“目录”。阅读 URL调度器 文档来获取更多关于 URL 的内容。
7. mysite/asgi.py：作为你的项目的运行在 ASGI 兼容的 Web 服务器上的入口。阅读 如何使用 ASGI 来部署 了解更多细节。
8. mysite/wsgi.py：作为你的项目的运行在 WSGI 兼容的Web服务器上的入口。阅读 如何使用 WSGI 进行部署 了解更多细节。

然后出现了问题：

D:\.DjangoProj\mysite>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\threading.py", line 932, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 301, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 783, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 207, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 15, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._connections[self._alias], item)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\utils\connection.py", line 62, in __getitem__
    conn = self.create_connection(alias)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 204, in create_connection
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 15, in <module>
    from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\sqlite3\__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\sqlite3\dbapi2.py", line 27, in <module>
    from _sqlite3 import *
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _sqlite3: 找不到指定的模块。

是因为缺少mysqlclient 吗?
然后：

pip install mysqlclient -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

依旧不行
换到C盘下并且在虚拟环境中执行该命令：

发现玄学问题：

根据教程找到：
从网站下载对应文件并解压
网站传送门

解压后移动到Andconda下对应目录，如图：

执行命令之后：

然后成功！！！！！！！