关于Nginx:
- 一款高性能、轻量级Web服务软件
- 系统资源能耗低
-
对HTTP并发连接的处理能力高:单台物理服务器可支持3000~5000个并发请求。**
1、Nginx编译安装:
-
安装支持软件: yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel
-
创建运行用户、组: useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
-
编译安装:
1、tar zxf nginx
2、cd nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --usr=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_module
3、make && make install
- 检查配置文件:nginx -t
-
启动、重载配置、停止Nginx:
1、nginx
2、netstat -ntap | grep nginx
3、yum -y install elinks
4、elinks http://localhost
5、killall -s HUP nginx
6、killall -s QUIT nginx
- Nginx添加为系统服务:<见代码>
- HTTP配置:<见代码>
2、LNMP架构解读:
- LNMP平台就是Linux\Nginx\Mysql\PHP的组合架构,需要Linux服务器、Mysql数据库、php解析环境。
- 本案例在单台服务器上部署LNMP环境。
-
PHP解析环境的安装:
1、配置网页动静分离、解析PHP、有两种方法可以选择。
使用PHP的FPM模块
将访问PHP页面的Web请求转交给Apache服务器去处理。
2、较新版本的PHP已经自带FPM模块,对PHP解析实例进行管理、优化解析效率。
FastCGI将Http Server和动态脚本语言分离开。
Nginx专门处理静态请求。转发动态请求。
PHP-FPM专门解析PHP动态请求。
3、单服务器的LNMP架构通常使用FMP方式解析PHP.
4、PHP编译安装步骤:
编译安装PHP:编译选项时添加 “–enable-fpm”以启用此模块。
安装后的调整:主要是配置文件的建立与相应命令工具的路径优化。
安装ZendGuardloader(提高PHP解析效率),并进行加载配置。
5、调用本机的php-fpm进程配置方法
建立FPM配置文件php-fpm.conf,修改配置选项:PID文件、运行用户、服务进程数等。
启动php-fpm进程。
6、配置Nginx支持PHP解析
在Nginx的配置文件的server{ }配置端中设置将PHP的网页请求转给FPM模块处理。
7、PHP页面访问测试。
8、部署Discuz论坛系统:
下载并解压discuz代码包
将upload 文件夹上传到网站的网页目录,将修改权限为777.
创建所需要的数据库,如bbs,并授给bbs用户。
在浏览器中访问网站的bbs/install/目录,按提示操作便可完成安装。
搭建LNMP:
1、安装nginx:
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-F
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir LNMP
[root@localhost ~]# cd LNMP 添加相关软件包 Dis、mysql、nginx、php、ncurses (字符终端)
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf nginx -C /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx/
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-gcc++ zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel -y
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost ~]# id nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
让手动输入的nginx的命令功能让系统所能够识别。
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost ~]# ls >>>>>>nginx.conf主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx 在测试机上测试是否能够打开网站
[root@localhost ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx ####描述
After=network.target #####描述服务类型
[Service]
Type=forking ####后台运行形式
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid #####PID文件位置
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ######重载配置
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID #####中止进程
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx.service
2、安装mysql数据库:
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/LNMP/
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf mysql -C /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install cmake
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison 语法kongzhi
[root@localhost ~]# cd ..
[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ 指定安装路径
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ 链接数据库
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ 配置文件
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ PID文件
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ 字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ ####数据存储位置
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \ c++库
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 开启必要进程
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/ ll >>root root
[root@localhost ~]# chown +R mysql.mysql mysql/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH 在最后添加
export PATH
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost ~]# bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost ~]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123" 空格
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p 输入密码:abc123
[root@localhost ~]# show databases;
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep mysqld
3、php
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install \
libjpeg \
libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 \
libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/ 是否有php的文件安装包
[root@localhost ~]# tar jxvf php
[root@localhost ~]# cd php/ ls 》》是否有configure
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
[root@localhost ~]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
1170 mysqli.default_socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
939 data.timezone = Asia/Shnaghai
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost ~]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim php-fpm.conf
[global]
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid ; 去掉
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-fpm.d/ ls
[root@localhost ~]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 9000 php的服务端口号:9000
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep -c "php-fpm" 4
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 让nginx支持php功能
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost ~]# mv index.html index.html.bak
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo( );
?> 在测试机上输入“ 14.0.0.14/index.php
[root@localost ~]# mysql -u root -p
密码:abc123
mysql>CREATE DATABASE bbs;
mysql>GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
mysql>GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
mysql>flush privileges;
[root@localhost ~]#vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('14.0.0.14','bbsuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!"
?>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# unzip Discuz
[root@localhost ~]# cd dir_SC_UTF8/ ls 找个upload
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
[root@localhost bbs]#
chown -R root:nginx ./config/
chown -R root:nginx ./data/
chown -R root:nginx ./uc_client/
chown -R root:nginx ./uc_server/
chmod -R 777 ./config/
chmod -R 777 ./data/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/
在测试机上输入:14.0.0.14/bbs/install/index.php
3、Nginx的访问状态统计:
-
启用HTTP_STUB_STATUS状态统计模块:
配置编译参数时添加–with-http_stub_status_module
nginx -v查看已安装的Nginx是否包含HTTP_STUB_STATUS模块。
查看当前状态信息:
制作nginx的启动脚本:
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/inid/nginx
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$PROG
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 在测试机上输入“14.0.0.14/status
4、Nginx虚拟主机应用:
-
Nginx支持的虚拟主机
基于域名的虚拟主机
基于ip的虚拟主机
基于端口的虚拟主机
- 通过 “server{ }”,配置端实现。
-
配置步骤:
准备网站目录及测文件
调整nginx.conf配置文件
测试虚拟主机
主机配置两个ip地址
修改配置文件
虚拟主机:
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir www
[root@localhost ~]# cd www/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir benet kgc
[root@localhost ~]# cd benet/
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.html
<h1>csdcvwecv</h1>
[root@localhost ~]# cd ../kgc/
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.html
<h1>csdcvwecv</h1>
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf 修改any
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 修改kgc.com kgc.com.zone benet.com benet.com.zone
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost ~]# vim kgc.com.zone 添加www IN A 192.168.100.100
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p kgc.com.zone benet.com.zone
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named 测试机要保证在同一网段,且DNS解析地址修改是刚才配置机的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 按G到最后一行
server{
server_name www.kgc.com;
location / {
root /var/www/kgc;
index index.html index.php;
}
}
server{
server_name www.benet.com;
location / {
root /var/www/benet;
index index.html index.php;
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 在测试机上测试“www.kgc.com www.benet.com”
5、身份验证:
身份验证:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd 为了获取htpasswd 工具
[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db zk
密码
密码
[root@localhost ~]# chown nginx /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 400 /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server{
server_name www.kgc.com;
location / {
auth_basic "secret";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db;
root /var/www/kgc;
index index.html index.php;
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 在测试机上输入 “www.kgc.com”
6、ip地址访问拒绝:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server{
server_name www.benet.com;
location / {
deny 14.0.0.100;
allow all;
root /var/www/benet;
index index.html index.php;
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start 在测试机上输入 “www.benet.com”