STM32HAL库串口中断同时收发卡死

在使用HAL库的过程中发现在串口中断的回显功能（将串口接收到的数据再发送出来），总是执行几次后程序卡死，无法正常回显。经过一系列查找后发现原因是STM32 HAL库在处理接收的时候会锁一下串口一会，导致变成某个短时间的“半双工”。尝试网上的教程太过繁琐，而且cubemx生成代码后又会将修改部分覆盖，很是麻烦。知道出现问题的原因后直接参考标准库在usart.c和usart.h中添加以下代码，完美解决问题。

usart.h中添加如下代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "stdio.h"

/*宏定义*/

#define USART_IT_PE                          ((uint16_t)0x0028)
#define USART_IT_TXE                         ((uint16_t)0x0727)
#define USART_IT_TC                          ((uint16_t)0x0626)
#define USART_IT_RXNE                        ((uint16_t)0x0525)
#define USART_IT_IDLE                        ((uint16_t)0x0424)
#define USART_IT_LBD                         ((uint16_t)0x0846)
#define USART_IT_CTS                         ((uint16_t)0x096A)
#define USART_IT_ERR                         ((uint16_t)0x0060)
#define USART_IT_ORE                         ((uint16_t)0x0360)
#define USART_IT_NE                          ((uint16_t)0x0260)
#define USART_IT_FE                          ((uint16_t)0x0160)
#define IT_Mask                   ((uint16_t)0x001F)  /*!< USART Interrupt Mask */

/* USER CODE END Includes */


/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
/*函数申明*/
void USART_SendData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint8_t *pData);
ITStatus USART_GetITStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT);
uint16_t USART_ReceiveData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx);
void USART_ITConfig(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT, FunctionalState NewState);
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */

在usart.c中复制标准库函数原型

/**
  * @brief  Transmits single data through the USARTx peripheral.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  Data: the data to transmit.
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_SendData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint8_t *pData)
{

  /* Transmit Data */

	USARTx->DR = *pData;
	while (!(USARTx->SR & UART_FLAG_TC)){};
}
/**
  * 函数功能: 重定向c库函数printf到DEBUG_USARTx
  * 输入参数: 无
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明：无
  */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
  USART_SendData(USART1, (uint8_t *)&ch);
  return ch;
}
 
/**
  * 函数功能: 重定向c库函数getchar,scanf到DEBUG_USARTx
  * 输入参数: 无
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明：无
  */
int fgetc(FILE *f)
{
  uint8_t ch = 0;
  USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
  return ch;
}

/**
  * @brief  Checks whether the specified USART interrupt has occurred or not.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_IT: specifies the USART interrupt source to check.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_IT_CTS:  CTS change interrupt (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_IT_LBD:  LIN Break detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TXE:  Tansmit Data Register empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TC:   Transmission complete interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_RXNE: Receive Data register not empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_IDLE: Idle line detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_ORE:  OverRun Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_NE:   Noise Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_FE:   Framing Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_PE:   Parity Error interrupt
  * @retval The new state of USART_IT (SET or RESET).
  */



ITStatus USART_GetITStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT)
{
  uint32_t bitpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00, usartreg = 0x00;
  ITStatus bitstatus = RESET;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_GET_IT(USART_IT));
  /* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */ 
  if (USART_IT == UART_FLAG_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }   
  
  /* Get the USART register index */
  usartreg = (((uint8_t)USART_IT) >> 0x05);
  /* Get the interrupt position */
  itmask = USART_IT & IT_Mask;
  itmask = (uint32_t)0x01 << itmask;
  
  if (usartreg == 0x01) /* The IT  is in CR1 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR1;
  }
  else if (usartreg == 0x02) /* The IT  is in CR2 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR2;
  }
  else /* The IT  is in CR3 register */
  {
    itmask &= USARTx->CR3;
  }
  
  bitpos = USART_IT >> 0x08;
  bitpos = (uint32_t)0x01 << bitpos;
  bitpos &= USARTx->SR;
  if ((itmask != (uint16_t)RESET)&&(bitpos != (uint16_t)RESET))
  {
    bitstatus = SET;
  }
  else
  {
    bitstatus = RESET;
  }
  
  return bitstatus;  
}



/**
  * @brief  Returns the most recent received data by the USARTx peripheral.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @retval The received data.
  */
uint16_t USART_ReceiveData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  
  /* Receive Data */
  return (uint16_t)(USARTx->DR & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
}



/**
  * @brief  Enables or disables the specified USART interrupts.
  * @param  USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral. 
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *   USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
  * @param  USART_IT: specifies the USART interrupt sources to be enabled or disabled.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg USART_IT_CTS:  CTS change interrupt (not available for UART4 and UART5)
  *     @arg USART_IT_LBD:  LIN Break detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TXE:  Transmit Data Register empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_TC:   Transmission complete interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_RXNE: Receive Data register not empty interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_IDLE: Idle line detection interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_PE:   Parity Error interrupt
  *     @arg USART_IT_ERR:  Error interrupt(Frame error, noise error, overrun error)
  * @param  NewState: new state of the specified USARTx interrupts.
  *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.
  * @retval None
  */
void USART_ITConfig(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT, FunctionalState NewState)
{
  uint32_t usartreg = 0x00, itpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00;
  uint32_t usartxbase = 0x00;
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
  assert_param(IS_USART_CONFIG_IT(USART_IT));
  assert_param(IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(NewState));
  /* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
  if (USART_IT == UART_FLAG_CTS)
  {
    assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
  }   
  
  usartxbase = (uint32_t)USARTx;

  /* Get the USART register index */
  usartreg = (((uint8_t)USART_IT) >> 0x05);

  /* Get the interrupt position */
  itpos = USART_IT & IT_Mask;
  itmask = (((uint32_t)0x01) << itpos);
    
  if (usartreg == 0x01) /* The IT is in CR1 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x0C;
  }
  else if (usartreg == 0x02) /* The IT is in CR2 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x10;
  }
  else /* The IT is in CR3 register */
  {
    usartxbase += 0x14; 
  }
  if (NewState != DISABLE)
  {
    *(__IO uint32_t*)usartxbase  |= itmask;
  }
  else
  {
    *(__IO uint32_t*)usartxbase &= ~itmask;
  }
}




/* USER CODE END 1 */

串口中断函数如下

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 */
	char c;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
	{
		/* 把数据读出来存入环形缓冲区 */
		c = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
	}
	printf("%c",c);
  /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);  //此处不用修改，即使删除了，cubemx生成代码后又会将此处覆盖
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */
}

添加完上述代码后，在串口初始化后使能相应的中断即可

测试数据如下