最近需要做一个C#项目的代码走查，其中的一项内容就是要用代码的静态分析工具对代码进行检测，我的想法是使用VisualStudio自带的Microsoft托管建议规则外加StyleCop工具检测问题（主要是警告），再对这些问题逐一分析。
我使用的VisualStudio版本为2012，Windows版本为Win7旗舰版。一般来说，编译C#代码时VS都会按照Microsoft托管建议规则给出编译报错和警告信息，并支持用户自己配置个性化的ruleset。对于每一个配置项，都可以在MSDN上找到详细的说明文档，地址如下：
https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ee1hzekz.aspx
（这些规则专注于代码中最关键的问题，包括潜在的安全漏洞、应用程序崩溃和其他重要的逻辑和设计错误。您应在为项目创建的任何自定义规则集中包含此规则集，规则的ruleset文件地址在VS安装目录下的\Team Tools\Static Analysis Tools\Rule Sets\MinimumRecommendedRules.ruleset）
StyleCop支持了另外一个思路的规则，即代码的书写风格。
StyleCop下载地址：http://stylecop.codeplex.com/
我下载的StyleCop版本为4.7.54.0，安装包名为StyleCop-4.7.54.0.msi
第一步，欢迎界面
第二步，授权协议（Microsoft Public License，详见附文）
第三步，自定义安装，其中Visual Studio integration支持VS2008、2010、2012、2013
第四步，确定安装
第五步，读条界面（时间还是比较长的）
第六步，安装完毕
安装完毕后，打开VisualStudio，在程序集上单击鼠标右键，就可以看到多出的三个选项了。
Run StyleCop、Run StyleCop（Rescan All）可用于运行StyleCop做代码检查
StyleCop Settings可设定StyleCop的代码检查规则，设定界面如下：
检查规则设置完毕后，可在程序集所在目录下看到Settings.StyleCop文件，该文件保存了这些检查规则，并可用于下次检查，或复制到其他程序集下，让其他程序集的代码检查也应用这一规则。每次检查后的结果存储在文件StyleCop.Cache里。
StyleCop对C#语言的检查项大致分为以下几类：
-Documentation Rules 文档化注释规则
-Element Documentaion 变量的文档化注释
-File Headers 文件头部
-Layout Rules 布局规则
-Curly Brackets 花括号位置
-Line Spacing 行距
-Maintainability Rules 稳定性规则
-Access Modifier 访问修饰符
-Dubug Test 调试信息
-File Contents 文件内容
-Parenthesis 圆括号
-Removable Code 可移除的代码
-Naming Rules 标识符命名规则
-Ordering Rules 排序规则
-Element Order 变量顺序
-Using Directives 命名空间引用顺序（Using指令）
-Readability Rules 可读性规则
-Comments 注释
-Member Access 成员访问
-Method Parameter Placement 变量位置
-Query Expressions 查询表达式
-Regions Regions区域
-Statements 声明
-Strings 字符串
-Types 类型
-Spacing Rules 空格规则附：Microsoft Public License全文
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