要求完成功能：自行查找、阅读有关的采用Hough变换来检测图像中圆的资料，设计实现所给图像中圆形的检测，要求检测出图像中硬币个数以及各个硬币的直径。
本题难度系数：★★★★
GUI界面设计参考：MATLAB学习笔记（十一）——MATLAB图形用户界面设计
https://www.cnblogs.com/BlueMountain-HaggenDazs/p/4307777.html
我采用了霍夫变换对所给图形进行了检测和统计个数：
原图如下：
检测后的效果：
全部matlab代码如下：
Hough.m文件：
function varargout = Hough(varargin)
% HOUGH MATLAB code for Hough.fig
% HOUGH, by itself, creates a new HOUGH or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = HOUGH returns the handle to a new HOUGH or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% HOUGH('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in HOUGH.M with the given input arguments.
%
% HOUGH('Property','Value',...) creates a new HOUGH or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before Hough_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to Hough_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help Hough
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 10-Jan-2019 20:43:12
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @Hough_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @Hough_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before Hough is made visible.
function Hough_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to Hough (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for Hough
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes Hough wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = Hough_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.
function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%打开文件
global img
[filename, pathname]= ...
uigetfile({'*.*';'*.bmp';'*.tif';'*.png';'*.jpg'},'select picture');
str= [pathname filename];
img= imread(str);
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(img);
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global img;
global Gray;
img=imresize(img,0.5);
[m,n,l] = size(img);
if l == 3
Gray = rgb2gray(img); %如果为彩色图 则转化为灰度图
else
Gray=img;
end
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(Gray);
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton5.
function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global Gray;
global BW1;
BW1=im2bw(Gray,graythresh(Gray)); %转化为二值图像
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(BW1)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global BW1;
BW1=imopen(BW1,strel('disk',3)); %转化为二值图像
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(BW1)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global BW1;
BW1=imfill(~BW1,'holes'); %填充图像空洞
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(BW1)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.
function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%sobel算子边缘检测
global BW1;
BW1 = edge(BW1,'sobel');
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(BW1)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.
function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global BW1;
global para;
%hough检测
step_r = str2num(get(handles.edit1, 'String'));
step_angle = str2num(get(handles.edit2, 'String'));
minr =str2num(get(handles.edit3, 'String'));
maxr = str2num(get(handles.edit4, 'String'));
thresh = str2num(get(handles.edit5, 'String'));
[Hough_Space,Hough_Circle,para] = hough_circle(BW1,step_r,step_angle,minr,maxr,thresh);
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(Hough_Circle);
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.
function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global para;
global circleParaXYR;
circleParaXYR=para;
%通过位置求圆心和半径
[r,c]=size(circleParaXYR);
for i=1:r
a='handles.edit';
b=5+i;
c=[a num2str(b)];
d=[a num2str(5+r+1)];
set(eval(c),'string',['(' num2str(floor(circleParaXYR(i,1))) ',' num2str(floor(circleParaXYR(i,2))) ')', num2str(2*floor(circleParaXYR(i,3)))]);
set(eval(d),'string',num2str(r));
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton11.
function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%标出圆
global img;
global circleParaXYR;
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(img);
hold on;
plot(circleParaXYR(:,2), circleParaXYR(:,1), 'r+');
for k = 1 : size(circleParaXYR, 1)
t=0:0.01*pi:2*pi;
x=cos(t).*circleParaXYR(k,3)+circleParaXYR(k,2);y=sin(t).*circleParaXYR(k,3)+circleParaXYR(k,1);
plot(x,y,'r-');
end
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit4 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit4 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit5 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit5 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit6 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit6 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit6_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit7 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit7 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit7_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit8 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit8 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit8_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit9 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit9 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit9_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit10 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit10 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit10_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit11 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit11 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit11 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit11_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit11 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function edit12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit12 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit12 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit12 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit12_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit12 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function m_file_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to m_file (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function m_file_save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to m_file_save (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%保存文件
[FileName,PathName] = uiputfile({'*.jpg','JPEG(*.jpg)';
'*.bmp','Bitmap(*.bmp)';
'*.gif','GIF(*.gif)';
'*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'},'Save Picture','Untitled');
if FileName==0
return;
else
h=getframe(handles.axes2);
imwrite(h.cdata,[PathName,FileName]);
warndlg('保存成功','保存成功');
end
hough_circle.m文件：
function [hough_space,hough_circle,para] = hough_circle(BW,step_r,step_angle,r_min,r_max,p)
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% input
% BW:二值图像；
% step_r:检测的圆半径步长
% step_angle:角度步长，单位为弧度
% r_min:最小圆半径
% r_max:最大圆半径
% p:阈值，0，1之间的数 通过调此值可以得到图中圆的圆心和半径
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% output
% hough_space:参数空间，h(a,b,r)表示圆心在(a,b)半径为r的圆上的点数
% hough_circl:二值图像，检测到的圆
% para:检测到的圆的圆心、半径
circleParaXYR=[];
para=[];
[m,n] = size(BW);
size_r = round((r_max-r_min)/step_r)+1;%四舍五入
size_angle = round(2*pi/step_angle);
hough_space = zeros(m,n,size_r);
[rows,cols] = find(BW);%查找非零元素的行列坐标
ecount = size(rows);%非零坐标的个数
% Hough变换
% 将图像空间(x,y)对应到参数空间(a,b,r)
% a = x-r*cos(angle)
% b = y-r*sin(angle)
for i=1:ecount
for r=1:size_r %半径步长数
for k=1:size_angle %按一定弧度把圆几等分
a = round(rows(i)-(r_min+(r-1)*step_r)*cos(k*step_angle));
b = round(cols(i)-(r_min+(r-1)*step_r)*sin(k*step_angle));
if(a>0&a<=m&b>0&b<=n)
hough_space(a,b,r) = hough_space(a,b,r)+1;%h(a,b,r)的坐标，圆心和半径
end
end
end
end
% 搜索超过阈值的聚集点。对于多个圆的检测，阈值要设的小一点！通过调此值，可以求出所有圆的圆心和半径
max_para = max(max(max(hough_space)));%返回值就是这个矩阵的最大值
index = find(hough_space>=max_para*p);%一个矩阵中，想找到其中大于max_para*p数的位置
length = size(index);%符合阈值的个数
hough_circle = false(m,n);
%hough_circle = zeros(m,n);
%通过位置求半径和圆心。
for i=1:ecount
for k=1:length
par3 = floor(index(k)/(m*n))+1;
par2 = floor((index(k)-(par3-1)*(m*n))/m)+1;
par1 = index(k)-(par3-1)*(m*n)-(par2-1)*m;
if((rows(i)-par1)^2+(cols(i)-par2)^2<(r_min+(par3-1)*step_r)^2+5&...
(rows(i)-par1)^2+(cols(i)-par2)^2>(r_min+(par3-1)*step_r)^2-5)
hough_circle(rows(i),cols(i)) = true; %检测的圆
end
end
end
% 从超过峰值阈值中得到
for k=1:length
par3 = floor(index(k)/(m*n))+1;%取整
par2 = floor((index(k)-(par3-1)*(m*n))/m)+1;
par1 = index(k)-(par3-1)*(m*n)-(par2-1)*m;
circleParaXYR = [circleParaXYR;par1,par2,par3];
hough_circle(par1,par2)= true; %这时得到好多圆心和半径，不同的圆的圆心处聚集好多点，这是因为所给的圆不是标准的圆
%fprintf(1,'test1:Center %d %d \n',par1,par2);
end
%集中在各个圆的圆心处的点取平均，得到针对每个圆的精确圆心和半径！
while size(circleParaXYR,1) >= 1
num=1;
XYR=[];
temp1=circleParaXYR(1,1);
temp2=circleParaXYR(1,2);
temp3=circleParaXYR(1,3);
c1=temp1;
c2=temp2;
c3=temp3;
temp3= r_min+(temp3-1)*step_r;
if size(circleParaXYR,1)>1
for k=2:size(circleParaXYR,1)
if (circleParaXYR(k,1)-temp1)^2+(circleParaXYR(k,2)-temp2)^2 > temp3^2
XYR=[XYR;circleParaXYR(k,1),circleParaXYR(k,2),circleParaXYR(k,3)]; %保存剩下圆的圆心和半径位置
else
c1=c1+circleParaXYR(k,1);
c2=c2+circleParaXYR(k,2);
c3=c3+circleParaXYR(k,3);
num=num+1;
end
end
end
%fprintf(1,'sum %d %d radius %d\n',c1,c2,r_min+(c3-1)*step_r);
c1=round(c1/num);
c2=round(c2/num);
c3=round(c3/num);
c3=r_min+(c3-1)*step_r;
%fprintf(1,'num=%d\n',num)
%fprintf(1,'Center %d %d radius %d\n',c1,c2,c3);
para=[para;c1,c2,c3]; %保存各个圆的圆心和半径的值
circleParaXYR=XYR;
end 以上完整源码仅供参考，此次任务小组合作完成，所以博主对以上代码一些部分不是很了解，谢谢合作。