FTP 文件传输服务三种配置模式： 匿名模式 本地用户模式 虚拟用户模式
安装ftp服务
安装完后再根据不同模式进行配置
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vsftpd ftp
（vsftpd是搭建ftp服务器的，ftp是拿来测试的）
一、匿名模式配置
配置文件修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
只有第一条是必改的，其他的根据要求添加修改即可
12 anonymous_enable=YES 允许匿名用户访问
28 anon_upload_enable=YES 允许匿名用户上传文件
32 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES 允许匿名用户创建目录
这两个配置文件里没有，在文件最下面手打
127 anon_umask=022 匿名用户上传文件的umask值
128 anon_other_write_enable=YES 允许匿名用户修改目录名称或删除目录
防火墙设置
一般来说，这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
会弹一堆东西，是正常的
将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
selinux配置
[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
-P 永久生效，不然重启就没了
重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
测试
这里给上其他用户权限才能创建目录 这个目录是匿名模式下访问的默认目录
[root@localhost ~]# chmod o=rwx /var/ftp/pub
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost 客户端验证就输服务器的ip
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd pub
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> mkdir sky
257 "/pub/sky" created
创建成功，验证完成
二、本地用户模式
配置文件修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
默认什么都不改就是可以使用的，下面是一下常用的参数解析
12 anonymous_enable=NO 禁止匿名用户访问
15 local_enable=YES 允许本地用户登录
18 write_enable=YES 允许本地用户上传（允许写入
22 local_umask=022 本地用户创建文件的umask值
用户是否可以切出目录的三个设置，用的时候去掉#号
100 #chroot_local_user=YES
是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制，YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录，NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录
101 #chroot_list_enable=YES 开启特例列表
103 #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录，如果是NO，该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录，一行一个用户。
禁用用户登录名单配置
只有在 userlist_enable 开启的时候 userlist_deny 才起作用，userlist_deny不打的话默认就是yes
126 userlist_enable=YES 开启“禁用用户名单”，分别为/etc/vsftpd下 /user_list和/ftpusers
127 userlist_deny=NO 只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list 中的用户可以登录ftp
YES 只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list和/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers 中的用户不能登录ftp
两个文件只要有一个里面有用户名就无法登录
防火墙配置
一般来说，这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
会弹一堆东西，是正常的
将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
-P 永久生效，不然重启就没了
重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
测试
使用“禁用用户列表”以外的本地用户登录，或配置userlist_deny=NO后用root登录
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): root
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir cy
257 "/root/cy" created
创建成功，ok
三、虚拟用户模式配置
创建ftp1和fpt2两个虚拟用户，密码都为123
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
创建一个文件并写入，文件名随意
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vim sky.txt
ftp1 奇数行为用户
123
偶数行为密码
ftp2
123
使用hash算法将明文转换为数据库文件（为了安全
[root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f sky.txt sky.db
降低权限，删除原文件，更安全些，这两步不打也不影响效果
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 600 sky.db
[root@localhost vsftpd]# rm -rf sky.txt
创建供虚拟用户映射的本地用户
这个家目录是为了方便管理ftp，也可以换 不让登录是为了安全
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -d /var/ftproot -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -Rf 755 /var/ftproot/
创建PAM文件，直接进入vsftpd更改，或创建vsftpd.vu文件进行编写
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky
配置文件和虚拟用户权限设置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
12 anonymous_enable=NO
15 local_enable=YES
18 write_enable=YES
22 local_umask=022
最下面添加
127 guest_enable=YES 开启虚拟用户模式
128 guest_username=ftpuser 指定虚拟用户账户（映射用户
129 pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu 指定PAM文件
130 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/user 虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径
131 allow_writeable_chroot=YES
允许对囚禁的FTP根目录执行写入操作，而且不拒绝用户登录请求
(这个不打就登录不了，应该是家目录的原因，改成其他的普通目录应该就不用加这条了)
创建虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/user 目录名随意，但要与配置文件中一致
对应虚拟用户名创建权限配置文件（名字一样），权限使用匿名用户权限配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp1
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
可以上传文件，创建、修改、删除目录
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp2
创文件不编辑就是什么权限都不给
防火墙设置
一般来说，这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
会弹一堆东西，是正常的
将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
-P 永久生效，不然重启就没了
重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
测试
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): ftp1
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir tt
257 "/tt" created 可以创建文件
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): ftp2
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir cc
550 Permission denied. 无权限创建文件
其余配置文件参数
自带
42 connect_from_port_20=YES 允许服务器主动模式（从20端口建立数据连接）
114 listen=NO 是否以独立运行方式监听服务
手打
pasv_enable=YES 允许服务器被动模式
listen_address=IP地址 设置要监听的IP地址
listen_port=21 设置FTP服务的监听端口
download_enable=YES 是否允许下载文件
max_clients=0 设置最大连接数，0为不限制
max_per_ip=0 同一IP的最大连接数，0为不限制
local_root=/home 限制本地用户活动目录
anon_root=/home 限制匿名用户活动目录
ftp连接后的基本命令
get 下载文件
put 上传文件
mget mput 一次下载 上传 多个文件
dir 查看当前目录下的目录 !dir 查看本地的
pwd 当前目录路径
lcd 更改到本地目录
bye 退出
配置文件详解
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
匿名用户访问,YES是允许，NO是拒绝
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# 本地用户登录,YES是允许，NO是拒绝.默认访问的是本地用户家目录，如果你开启了selinux
# 请设置开启布尔值ftp_home_dir为ON
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#允许本地用户上传
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# 上传的权限是022，使用的是umask权限。对应的目录是755，文件是644
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
# 开启匿名用户上传功能，默认是拒绝的
#anon_upload_enable=YES
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
# 开启匿名用户创建文件或文件夹权限
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
# 开启目录欢迎消息，一般对命令行登陆有效
dirmessage_enable=YES
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
# 开启上传和下载日志记录功能
xferlog_enable=YES
#使用标准模式
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
# 声明匿名用户上传文件的所有者
# 允许更改匿名用户上传文件的所有者
#chown_uploads=YES
#所有者为whoever
#chown_username=whoever
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
# 日志文件路径
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
# 日志文件采用标准格斯
xferlog_std_format=YES
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
# 会话超时时间
#idle_session_timeout=600
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
# 数据传输超时时间
#data_connection_timeout=120
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
# FTP子进程管理用户
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
# 是否允许客户端发起“async ABOR”请求，该操作是不安全的默认禁止。
#async_abor_enable=YES
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
# 该选项用于指定是否允许上传时以ASCII模式传输数据
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#该选项用于指定是否允许下载时以ASCII模式传输数据
#ascii_download_enable=YES
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# FTP文本界面登陆欢迎词
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
# 是否开启拒绝的Email功能
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 指定保存被拒接的Email地址的文件
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
# 是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制，YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录，NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录
# 设置方法类似于：YES拒绝所有，允许个别 NO 允许所有拒绝个别
#chroot_local_user=YES
#开启特例列表
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录，如果是NO，该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录
# 一行一个用户。
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
# 是否开启ls 递归查询功能 ls -R
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
# 是否开启ftp独立模式在IPV4
listen=NO
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
# 是否开启ftp独立模式在ipv6
listen_ipv6=YES
#启用pam模块验证
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#是否开启userlist功能.
#是否启用用户列表功能
userlist_enable=YES
